ANALISIS FAKTOR RESIKO PENYEBAB PELAYANAN ANTIBIOTIK TANPA RESEP DOKTER DI APOTEK: A REVIEW
Abstrak
Pelayanan antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di apotek menjadi praktik yang masih marak terjadi dan berkontribusi pada peningkatan resistensi antibiotik yang mengancam kesehatan masyarakat. Faktor resiko yang saling terkait seperti kemudahan akses, rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat, faktor sosial, ekonomi, dan regulasi yang lemah mendasari fenomena ini. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor resiko penyebab terjadinya pelayanan antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di apotek. Studi ini mengumpulkan dan menganalisis literatur dari jurnal berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris yang dipublikasikan tahun 2015-2025. Data dikumpulkan melalui pencarian di Google Scholar dan PubMed dengan menggunakan kata kunci terkait penjualan dan pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep dokter. Analisis dilakukan secara naratif dengan mengelompokkan temuan berdasarkan faktor resiko yang sering muncul. Dimana faktor resiko ini terdiri dari 3 sudut pandang, yaitu faktor resiko dari sudut pandang pelaku usaha, pasien atau konsumen, dan regulator. Untuk faktor resiko dari sudut pandang pelaku usaha yaitu adanya sikap pekerja apotek yang memfasilitasi penjualan bebas antibiotik, finansial, permintaan dan tekanan dari konsumen serta kurangnya pengetahuan. Untuk faktor resiko dari sudut pandang pasien adalah kemudahan memperoleh antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di apotek, pengaruh ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya, kurangnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran, serta pengalaman sebelumnya dari pasien. Sedangkan sudut pandang dari regulator adanya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum yang lemah. Sehingga upaya komprehensif yang meliputi penguatan regulasi, edukasi ke masyarakat, dan pelatihan tenaga apotek sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan antibiotik guna menghindari konsekuensi resistensi antibiotik di masa depan.
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