REVIEW ARTIKEL: POTENSI FITOTERAPI DARI TANAMAN HERBAL DALAM PENANGANAN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Abstrak
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) merupakan penyakit autoimun kronis yang ditandai dengan peradangan pada sendi, menyebabkan kerusakan progresif dan menurunnya kualitas hidup pasien. Terapi konvensional seperti NSAID dan DMARDs memang efektif, namun penggunaannya dalam jangka panjang berisiko menimbulkan efek samping serius dan biaya yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan alternatif terapi yang lebih aman dan terjangkau, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan tanaman obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi tanaman herbal sebagai terapi tambahan atau alternatif pada rheumatoid arthritis. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelusuri dan menganalisis 31 jurnal ilmiah yang diperoleh dari basis data akademik seperti Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan MDPI. Artikel yang dianalisis dipilih berdasarkan kriteria tertentu dan memuat informasi tentang kandungan senyawa aktif, aktivitas farmakologis, serta mekanisme kerja tanaman terhadap proses peradangan RA. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai tanaman herbal seperti Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Boswellia serrata, dan Nigella sativa memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi dan imunomodulator yang signifikan. Senyawa aktif dalam tanaman tersebut bekerja dengan menghambat jalur inflamasi dan menurunkan produksi sitokin proinflamasi. Simpulan, tanaman obat memiliki potensi besar untuk digunakan sebagai terapi tambahan dalam penanganan rheumatoid arthritis. Namun, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan, terutama uji klinis, untuk memastikan keamanan dan efektivitas jangka panjang dari penggunaannya.Referensi
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