REVIEW ARTIKEL: PENINGKATAN KELARUTAN SENYAWA OBAT ANTIMALARIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE MODIFIKASI KO-KRISTAL
Abstrak
Malaria adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh parasit jenis Plasmodium yang menginfeksi manusia melalaui gigitan nyamuk Anopheles betina. Kebanyakan obat-obat antimalaria memiliki keterbatasan dalam hal kelarutan. Kelarutan obat merupakan parameter yang sangat penting yang menentukan efektivitas dari obat, dengan kelarutan obat yang baik maka obat dapat mencapai bioavailabilitas dan efek farmakologi yang optimal, berdasarkan hal tersebut maka diperlukan upaya untuk menanggulangi permasalahan tersebut agar dapat memberikan terapi yang efektif dan efisien kepada paisen menggunakan obat-obat antimalaria yang sudah ada sebelumnya yang telah dimodifikasi sifat fisikokimianya sehingga kelarutannya meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk meninjau berbagai studi yang menggunakan metode modifikasi ko-kristal untuk meningkatakan kelarutan senyawa obat antimalaria. Penelitian ini diracang dengan metode Narative Review, pencarian artikel dilakukan menggunakan dua database yaitu Google Scholar dan PubMed, dengan kata kunci “Co-crystal” OR “Antimalaria”. Pada studi ini ditemukan 7 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Artikel yang dipilih adalah artikel yang membahas tentang obat-obat antimalaria (artesunat, artemisin, dan pirimetamin) yang dikembangkan dengan metode ko-kristal dan mengalami peningkatan kelarutan berkali-kali lipat dibandingkan dengan sediaan murninya. Metode ko-kristal dapat menjadi solusi peningkat kelarutan untuk obat-obat antimalaria yang memiliki kelarutan yang rendah dalam air, peningkatan kelarutan obat antimalaria menyebabkan bioavailabilitas obat meningkat sehingga obat dapat memberikan efek terapi yang baik.
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