PENGOBATAN PENYAKIT KOLESTROL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK HERBAL DI INDONESIA - A REVIEW
Keywords:
Cholesterol, Syzygium polyanthum, Pluchea indica, Dracaena Angustifolia, Artocarpus altilis, Abelmoschus Manihot
Abstract
Health problems are one of the most complex problems, the sanitation process in improving health with various uses of plants in Indonesia. A country that will be rich in natural resources such as some herbal plant extracts. As a form of serious treatment to improve the health of cholesterol disease in Indonesia, namely herbal plant extracts by utilizing the active substances contained in these plants in the form of flavonoids, saponins, HMG Co-A reductase, phenolics, hypocholesterolemic curcumin, and Beta Sitosterol through both in vitro and in vivo tests, which have important properties in the cholesterol treatment process, such as improving public health in Indonesia.
References
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Agoes, A. Tanaman Obat Indonesia, Buku Kedua, Salemba Medika, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2010: 25.
Alkandahri, MY., Nisriadi, L., and Salim, E. Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extract of Castanopsis costata Leaves. Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research. 2016; 1(3): 98-102.
Alkandahri, MY., Berbudi, A., and Subarnas, A. Active Compounds and Antimalaria Properties of some Medicinal Plants in Indonesia – A Review. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2018; 9(1): 64-69.
Alkandahri, MY., Siahaan PN., Salim, E., and Fatimah, C. AntiInflammatory Activity of Cep-cepan Leaves (Castanopsis costata (Blume) A.DC). International Journal of Current Medical Sciences. 2018; 8(4A): 424-429.
Alkandahri, MY., Berbudi, A., Utami, NV., and Subarnas, A. Antimalarial Activity of Extract and Fractions of Castanopsis costata (Blume) A.DC. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 2019; 9(5): 474-481.
Alkandahri, MY., Maulana, YE., Subarnas, A., Kwarteng, A., and Berbudi, A. Antimalarial Activity of Extract and Fractions of Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2020; 12(1): 1435-1441.
Alkandahri, MY., Kusumawati, AH., and Fikayuniar, L. Antibacterial Activity of Zingiber officinale Rhizome. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 2020; 24(7): 3702- 3706.
Alkandahri, MY., Patala, R., Pratiwi, MI., Agustina, LS., Farhamzah, Kusumawati, AH., Hidayah, H., Amal, S., and Frianto, D. Pharmacological Studies of Durio Zibethinus: A Medicinal Plant Review. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021; 25(4): 640-646.
Alkandahri, MY., Shafirany, MZ., Rusdin, A., Agustina, LS., Pangaribuan, F., Fitrianti, F., Farhamzah, Kusumawati, AH., Sugiharta, S., Arfania, M., and Mardiana, LA. Amomum compactum: A Review of Pharmacological Studies. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 2021; 22(33&34): 61-69.
Amatullah, Nida, Fahima., Nurmawati, Fatimah., dan Bambang, Herwanto. Medik Veteriner.Efek Ekstrak Daun Gendola (Basella rubra L.) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Darah Tikus Putih yang Diinduksi Alloxan.,2020.Volume 3.Nomor 1.Halaman89-94.
Andila S.P dan Warseno T. (Study Potential Of Kayu Suji (Dracaena Angustifolia) As A Medicine : A Review). Widya Biologi, 2019, 10 (02) : 1-12.
Anggraini, D.I. and Nabillah L.F. Activity Test of Suji Leaf Extract (Dracaena angustifolia Roxb.) on in vitro cholesterol lowering. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikas,i , 2018, 21 (2) : 54 – 58.
Asai A, Miyasawa A. Dietary curcuminoids prevent high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation in rat liver and epidermal adiposa tissue. J Nutr 2011;131:2932-35.
Balamurugan G, and Shantha A J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci. 2010; 2(4) 350-355.
Bertges LC, Mourão CA, Souza JB, Cardoso VAC. Hyperlipidemia induced by Triton WR1339 (Tyloxapol) in Wistar rats. Rev Bras Cien Med Saúde , 2011: 32–34.
Bonomini F, Tengattini S, Fabiano A, Bianchi R, Rezzani R. Atherosclerosis and oxidative stress. Histol Histopathol. 2008;23:381–90.10.4103/0974-8490.181468.
Deviana, D., Cahyo, N.P.D., Kumalaningrum, D.R., Kusuma, W.A., Lailiyah, F., Purnama, M.T.E. Rekayasa Konsentrat Bekatul dengan Tepung Jantung Pisang Dapat Meningkatkan Berat Badan dan Menurunkan Kadar Kolesterol Kambing. J. Sain Vet. 2018, 36(1), 74-79.
Effendy, Teori VSEPR: kepolaran, dan gaya antarmolekul, Bayumedia, Malang, 2006.
Elly P, Wheni E R, and Cikra INHS JDMS. 2018, 17(5) 55-59.
Erni, A. Mu’nisa dan A. Faridah Arsal. Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Mandar Yang Ditambahkan Bubuk Daun Sukun (Arthocarpus altilis) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Mencit (Mus musculus), JurnalBionature, Volume 15, Nomor 2, Oktober2014, hlm.90-96.
Gabriela C.R., Fatimawali, and Wehantouw F. Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Flavonoid dan Steroid dari Gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot) sebagai Anti Obesitas dan Hipolipidemik pada Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Universitas Samratulangi. 2013; 2(02):34-38.
Gondosari, A.H. 2010. Kolesterol, asam lemak jenuh, dan asam lemak tak jenuh. Dalam: Wijdan FR, editor. The Miracle of 5 Elements Energy. Depok: E-tera, 2010 ; hal 43-50.
Hesti Murwani, Resti PuspitaPengaruh Pemberian Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Var Rubrum) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Wanita Dislipidemia. Dalam : Journal of Nutrition College. 2014. Volume 3 Hal, 798-806.
Irmadoly N, Frandy W, Shelvia C, Felicia I, Ha SS. Uji aktivitas antidislipidemia in-vivo fraksi daun salamm (Eugenia polyantha) pada tikus galur wistar yang di induksi diet tinggi lemak, Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 2014,1 (1), Hal 21-24.
Ilyas AN, Rahmawati, and Widiastuti H. Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterol Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik) Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kesehatan, 2020; 3(1): 57-64.
Joni, T., Rizki, M., Mariani, R., Alan, F. Uji Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun sukun Articarpusaltilis (Parkinson Ex FA Zorm) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah, Kolesterol Total Dan Gambaran HistoPatologi Pankreas Tikus Putih Jantan Hiperkolesterolemia-Diabetes. J. Sains Kes., 2017. 2303-0267.
Kim MB, Kim C, Song Y, Hwang JK. Antihyperglycemic and antiinflammatory effects of standardized Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract and its active compound Xanthorrhizol in high fat diet induced. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;205915:1-10.
Kusumawati, AH., Farhamzah, F., Alkandahri, MY., Sadino, A., Agustina, LS., and Apriana, SD. Antioxidant Activity and Sun Protection Factor of Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa). Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research. 2021; 5(11): 1958-1961.
Lukiati, B. Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Kandungan Fenol Totalekstrak Daun Gendola (Basella Rubra Linn) Dan Daun Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia Stennis) Sebagai Kandidat Obat Herbal. In Proceeding Biology Education Conference: Biology, Science, Enviromental, and Learning. 2014 ; 11(1), 195- 200).
Mamahit LP, Soekamto NH. Satu Senyawa Asam Organik Yang Diisolasi dari Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot L. Medik) Asal Sulawesi Utara. Chem. Prog; 2010; 3(1): 42.
Maureun, F. M., Yanti, Bibina, W. L. Efficacy of Oral Curcuminoid Fraction from Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Curcuminoid Cider in High-cholesterol Fed Rats.National Institute of Health.2016.v8(3).
Munarsih Ensiwi, Anggun. Perbedaan Kadar Kolesterol Total Sebelum Dan Sesudah Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sukun (Arthocarpus altilis) Pada Mencit Putih Jantan Galur Swiss Webster Yang Diinduksi Dengan Aloksan, Jurnal Ilmiah Bakteri Farmasi,2018,III(1), hal.27-30.
Murray R, Daryl K. Granner. Biokimia Harper, edisi 25. Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2013.
Moelek FA. Herbal and Traditional Medicane: national perspectivesand policies in Indonesia. Jurnal Bahan Alam Indonesia. 2006; 5(1): 293-97.
Nirvana, J.S., Widiyani, T., Budiharjo, A. Antihipercholesterolemia Activities of Red Ginger Extract (Zingiber Officinale Roxb. Var Rubrum) On Wistar Rats. 2019.
Otunola, G.A., Oloyede OB, Oladiji AT, Afolayan AJ. Selected spices and their combination modulate hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative stress in experimental rats. Biol Res. 2014;47:5.
Putra AP., Saimanjuntak P., Suwarno T., Pengaruh metoda ektraksi simplisia dan multy ektrak Daun sukun,seledri,dan daun salam terhadap aktivitas antikolestrol secara in-vitro , Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran,2019 , 6(2), Hal 78-87.
Pine ATD, Alam G, Attamim F. Standarisasi Mutu Ekstrak Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) dan Uji Efek Antioksidan dengan Metode DPPH; 2011. p. 113, 125.
Raden Ismail, A. Efek ekstrak daun kelor (moringa oleifera, lam.) Terhadap gambaran histopatologi jantung tikus putih (rattus norvegicus) model hiperkolesterolemia. Phd thesis. Universitas sebelas maret. 2017.
Romadhoni, DW, Sri Murwani, Dyah Ayu Oktavianie. Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Air Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera lam.) Terhadap Kadar LDL dan HDL Serum Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Strain Wistar Yang Diberi Diet Aterogenik. 2012. pp.2-9. 8.
Sachan, Dipti. In-Vitro & In-Vivo Efficacy of Moringa Oleifera Plant Constituents in Urolithiasis as Antilithiatic Drug. Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India IJPSR, 2011.Vol. 2, Issue 7.
Shafirany, MZ., Indawati, I., Sulastri, L., Sadino, A., Kusumawati, AH., and Alkandahri, MY. Antioxidant Activity of Red and Purple Rosella Flower Petals Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2021; 33(46B): 186-192.
Silalahi M, Syzygium polyanthum(Wight) Walp. (Botani, Metabolit Sekunder dan Pemanfaatan), Universitas Kristen Indonesia, 2017,10(1), Hal 1-16.
Shin SK, Ha TY, Ha RA, Gregor M, Choi MS. Long-term curcumin administration protects against atherosclerosis via hepatic regulation of lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011;55:1829-40.
Sekhon S. Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory and Hypolipidemic Properties of Apple Flavonols. Nova Scotia Agricultural College Truro; Nova Scotia; 2012. P. 92.
Sukaryana, Y, Y. Priabudiman. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica L) terhadap Total Kolesterol Darah Broiler, 2014. Vol. 14(3): 152-157.
Sunarti, Edy F, Urip H, Delzuzar, Tri W, and Lokot DL 2017 Univ. med. 36(3) 228 – 235.
Tandi, J. Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gendola Merah (Basella alba L.) terhadap Kadar Kreatinin, Ureum dan Deskripsi Histologis Tubulus Ginjal Tikus. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika. Galenika J. Pharm. Palu. 2017.
Wijaya S, Stefani MKY, Lanny H, Henry KS, Lisa S, Studi pendahuluan: Korelasi Aktivitas Antikolesterol dengan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Journal of Pharmacy Science and Practice, 2018, Vol 5(1), Hal 100-111.
Yasni S, Imaizumi K, Sugano M. Effects of an Indonesian medicinal plant, Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, on the level of serum glucose and triglyceride, fatty acid desaturation, and bile acid excretion in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. Agric Biol Chem 1991;55:3005-10.
Agoes, A. Tanaman Obat Indonesia, Buku Kedua, Salemba Medika, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2010: 25.
Alkandahri, MY., Nisriadi, L., and Salim, E. Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extract of Castanopsis costata Leaves. Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research. 2016; 1(3): 98-102.
Alkandahri, MY., Berbudi, A., and Subarnas, A. Active Compounds and Antimalaria Properties of some Medicinal Plants in Indonesia – A Review. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2018; 9(1): 64-69.
Alkandahri, MY., Siahaan PN., Salim, E., and Fatimah, C. AntiInflammatory Activity of Cep-cepan Leaves (Castanopsis costata (Blume) A.DC). International Journal of Current Medical Sciences. 2018; 8(4A): 424-429.
Alkandahri, MY., Berbudi, A., Utami, NV., and Subarnas, A. Antimalarial Activity of Extract and Fractions of Castanopsis costata (Blume) A.DC. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 2019; 9(5): 474-481.
Alkandahri, MY., Maulana, YE., Subarnas, A., Kwarteng, A., and Berbudi, A. Antimalarial Activity of Extract and Fractions of Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2020; 12(1): 1435-1441.
Alkandahri, MY., Kusumawati, AH., and Fikayuniar, L. Antibacterial Activity of Zingiber officinale Rhizome. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 2020; 24(7): 3702- 3706.
Alkandahri, MY., Patala, R., Pratiwi, MI., Agustina, LS., Farhamzah, Kusumawati, AH., Hidayah, H., Amal, S., and Frianto, D. Pharmacological Studies of Durio Zibethinus: A Medicinal Plant Review. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021; 25(4): 640-646.
Alkandahri, MY., Shafirany, MZ., Rusdin, A., Agustina, LS., Pangaribuan, F., Fitrianti, F., Farhamzah, Kusumawati, AH., Sugiharta, S., Arfania, M., and Mardiana, LA. Amomum compactum: A Review of Pharmacological Studies. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 2021; 22(33&34): 61-69.
Amatullah, Nida, Fahima., Nurmawati, Fatimah., dan Bambang, Herwanto. Medik Veteriner.Efek Ekstrak Daun Gendola (Basella rubra L.) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Darah Tikus Putih yang Diinduksi Alloxan.,2020.Volume 3.Nomor 1.Halaman89-94.
Andila S.P dan Warseno T. (Study Potential Of Kayu Suji (Dracaena Angustifolia) As A Medicine : A Review). Widya Biologi, 2019, 10 (02) : 1-12.
Anggraini, D.I. and Nabillah L.F. Activity Test of Suji Leaf Extract (Dracaena angustifolia Roxb.) on in vitro cholesterol lowering. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikas,i , 2018, 21 (2) : 54 – 58.
Asai A, Miyasawa A. Dietary curcuminoids prevent high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation in rat liver and epidermal adiposa tissue. J Nutr 2011;131:2932-35.
Balamurugan G, and Shantha A J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci. 2010; 2(4) 350-355.
Bertges LC, Mourão CA, Souza JB, Cardoso VAC. Hyperlipidemia induced by Triton WR1339 (Tyloxapol) in Wistar rats. Rev Bras Cien Med Saúde , 2011: 32–34.
Bonomini F, Tengattini S, Fabiano A, Bianchi R, Rezzani R. Atherosclerosis and oxidative stress. Histol Histopathol. 2008;23:381–90.10.4103/0974-8490.181468.
Deviana, D., Cahyo, N.P.D., Kumalaningrum, D.R., Kusuma, W.A., Lailiyah, F., Purnama, M.T.E. Rekayasa Konsentrat Bekatul dengan Tepung Jantung Pisang Dapat Meningkatkan Berat Badan dan Menurunkan Kadar Kolesterol Kambing. J. Sain Vet. 2018, 36(1), 74-79.
Effendy, Teori VSEPR: kepolaran, dan gaya antarmolekul, Bayumedia, Malang, 2006.
Elly P, Wheni E R, and Cikra INHS JDMS. 2018, 17(5) 55-59.
Erni, A. Mu’nisa dan A. Faridah Arsal. Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Mandar Yang Ditambahkan Bubuk Daun Sukun (Arthocarpus altilis) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Mencit (Mus musculus), JurnalBionature, Volume 15, Nomor 2, Oktober2014, hlm.90-96.
Gabriela C.R., Fatimawali, and Wehantouw F. Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Flavonoid dan Steroid dari Gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot) sebagai Anti Obesitas dan Hipolipidemik pada Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Universitas Samratulangi. 2013; 2(02):34-38.
Gondosari, A.H. 2010. Kolesterol, asam lemak jenuh, dan asam lemak tak jenuh. Dalam: Wijdan FR, editor. The Miracle of 5 Elements Energy. Depok: E-tera, 2010 ; hal 43-50.
Hesti Murwani, Resti PuspitaPengaruh Pemberian Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Var Rubrum) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Wanita Dislipidemia. Dalam : Journal of Nutrition College. 2014. Volume 3 Hal, 798-806.
Irmadoly N, Frandy W, Shelvia C, Felicia I, Ha SS. Uji aktivitas antidislipidemia in-vivo fraksi daun salamm (Eugenia polyantha) pada tikus galur wistar yang di induksi diet tinggi lemak, Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 2014,1 (1), Hal 21-24.
Ilyas AN, Rahmawati, and Widiastuti H. Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterol Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik) Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kesehatan, 2020; 3(1): 57-64.
Joni, T., Rizki, M., Mariani, R., Alan, F. Uji Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun sukun Articarpusaltilis (Parkinson Ex FA Zorm) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah, Kolesterol Total Dan Gambaran HistoPatologi Pankreas Tikus Putih Jantan Hiperkolesterolemia-Diabetes. J. Sains Kes., 2017. 2303-0267.
Kim MB, Kim C, Song Y, Hwang JK. Antihyperglycemic and antiinflammatory effects of standardized Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract and its active compound Xanthorrhizol in high fat diet induced. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;205915:1-10.
Kusumawati, AH., Farhamzah, F., Alkandahri, MY., Sadino, A., Agustina, LS., and Apriana, SD. Antioxidant Activity and Sun Protection Factor of Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa). Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research. 2021; 5(11): 1958-1961.
Lukiati, B. Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Kandungan Fenol Totalekstrak Daun Gendola (Basella Rubra Linn) Dan Daun Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia Stennis) Sebagai Kandidat Obat Herbal. In Proceeding Biology Education Conference: Biology, Science, Enviromental, and Learning. 2014 ; 11(1), 195- 200).
Mamahit LP, Soekamto NH. Satu Senyawa Asam Organik Yang Diisolasi dari Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot L. Medik) Asal Sulawesi Utara. Chem. Prog; 2010; 3(1): 42.
Maureun, F. M., Yanti, Bibina, W. L. Efficacy of Oral Curcuminoid Fraction from Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Curcuminoid Cider in High-cholesterol Fed Rats.National Institute of Health.2016.v8(3).
Munarsih Ensiwi, Anggun. Perbedaan Kadar Kolesterol Total Sebelum Dan Sesudah Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sukun (Arthocarpus altilis) Pada Mencit Putih Jantan Galur Swiss Webster Yang Diinduksi Dengan Aloksan, Jurnal Ilmiah Bakteri Farmasi,2018,III(1), hal.27-30.
Murray R, Daryl K. Granner. Biokimia Harper, edisi 25. Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2013.
Moelek FA. Herbal and Traditional Medicane: national perspectivesand policies in Indonesia. Jurnal Bahan Alam Indonesia. 2006; 5(1): 293-97.
Nirvana, J.S., Widiyani, T., Budiharjo, A. Antihipercholesterolemia Activities of Red Ginger Extract (Zingiber Officinale Roxb. Var Rubrum) On Wistar Rats. 2019.
Otunola, G.A., Oloyede OB, Oladiji AT, Afolayan AJ. Selected spices and their combination modulate hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative stress in experimental rats. Biol Res. 2014;47:5.
Putra AP., Saimanjuntak P., Suwarno T., Pengaruh metoda ektraksi simplisia dan multy ektrak Daun sukun,seledri,dan daun salam terhadap aktivitas antikolestrol secara in-vitro , Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran,2019 , 6(2), Hal 78-87.
Pine ATD, Alam G, Attamim F. Standarisasi Mutu Ekstrak Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) dan Uji Efek Antioksidan dengan Metode DPPH; 2011. p. 113, 125.
Raden Ismail, A. Efek ekstrak daun kelor (moringa oleifera, lam.) Terhadap gambaran histopatologi jantung tikus putih (rattus norvegicus) model hiperkolesterolemia. Phd thesis. Universitas sebelas maret. 2017.
Romadhoni, DW, Sri Murwani, Dyah Ayu Oktavianie. Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Air Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera lam.) Terhadap Kadar LDL dan HDL Serum Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Strain Wistar Yang Diberi Diet Aterogenik. 2012. pp.2-9. 8.
Sachan, Dipti. In-Vitro & In-Vivo Efficacy of Moringa Oleifera Plant Constituents in Urolithiasis as Antilithiatic Drug. Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India IJPSR, 2011.Vol. 2, Issue 7.
Shafirany, MZ., Indawati, I., Sulastri, L., Sadino, A., Kusumawati, AH., and Alkandahri, MY. Antioxidant Activity of Red and Purple Rosella Flower Petals Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2021; 33(46B): 186-192.
Silalahi M, Syzygium polyanthum(Wight) Walp. (Botani, Metabolit Sekunder dan Pemanfaatan), Universitas Kristen Indonesia, 2017,10(1), Hal 1-16.
Shin SK, Ha TY, Ha RA, Gregor M, Choi MS. Long-term curcumin administration protects against atherosclerosis via hepatic regulation of lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011;55:1829-40.
Sekhon S. Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory and Hypolipidemic Properties of Apple Flavonols. Nova Scotia Agricultural College Truro; Nova Scotia; 2012. P. 92.
Sukaryana, Y, Y. Priabudiman. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica L) terhadap Total Kolesterol Darah Broiler, 2014. Vol. 14(3): 152-157.
Sunarti, Edy F, Urip H, Delzuzar, Tri W, and Lokot DL 2017 Univ. med. 36(3) 228 – 235.
Tandi, J. Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gendola Merah (Basella alba L.) terhadap Kadar Kreatinin, Ureum dan Deskripsi Histologis Tubulus Ginjal Tikus. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika. Galenika J. Pharm. Palu. 2017.
Wijaya S, Stefani MKY, Lanny H, Henry KS, Lisa S, Studi pendahuluan: Korelasi Aktivitas Antikolesterol dengan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Journal of Pharmacy Science and Practice, 2018, Vol 5(1), Hal 100-111.
Yasni S, Imaizumi K, Sugano M. Effects of an Indonesian medicinal plant, Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, on the level of serum glucose and triglyceride, fatty acid desaturation, and bile acid excretion in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. Agric Biol Chem 1991;55:3005-10.
Published
2022-06-30
Section
Articles
