AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES FRAKSI ETANOL, ETIL ASETAT DAN N-HEXAN HERBA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica L) TERHADAP MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI ALOXAN
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from impaired insulin production or function. Conventional treatments often come with side effects and high costs, prompting the exploration of herbal-based alternatives. Centella asiatica L. (commonly known as pegagan) contains various bioactive compounds with potential antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions of Centella asiatica herb in male white mice (Mus musculus) induced with alloxan, and to determine the most effective fraction in lowering blood glucose levels. The research employed a completely randomized design (CRD) in an experimental setting. Male mice were randomly assigned to five groups: negative control (1% Na-CMC), positive control (glibenclamide), and three treatment groups receiving ethanol, ethyl acetate, or n-hexane fractions of Centella asiatica at a dose of 120 mg/kg body weight. Diabetes was induced using alloxan at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after treatment at specific time intervals. The results demonstrated that all fractions of Centella asiatica exhibited blood glucose-lowering activity in diabetic mice. Among the three, the ethanol fraction produced the most significant hypoglycemic effect. Phytochemical screening revealed that the ethanol fraction contained flavonoids, triterpenoids, and saponins, which are suspected to contribute to its antidiabetic activity. In conclusion, the ethanol fraction of Centella asiatica exhibits the highest potential as an antidiabetic agent compared to the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions.
References
Anani, S., Udiyono, A., & Ginanjar, P. (2012). Hubungan Antara Perilaku Pengendalian Diabetes Dan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pasien Rawat Jalan Diabetes Melitus. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 1(2):466–478.
Anisa, N., & Najib, S. Z. (2022). Skrining Fitokimia Dan Penetapan Kadar Total Fenol Flavonoid Dan Tanin Pada Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia Calabura L.). Indonesian Journal Pharmaceutical and Herbal Medicine, 1(2):96–104.
Artika, L. (2021). Perbandingan Rendemen Dan Kandungan Kimia Ekstrak Daun Jambu Mete (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Dengan Kepolaran Pelarut Yang Berbeda. Jurnal Kesehatan dan Farmasi, 3(1).
Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Persyaratan keamanan dan mutu obat tradisional. BPOM RI.
Chauhan, P. K., Pandey, I. P., Dhatwalia, V. K. D., & Singh, V. (2010). Antidiabetic Effect of Ethanolic and Methanolic Leaves Extract of Centella Asiatica On Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 1(2):1–6.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2000). Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat (Cetakan pertama). Departemen Kesehatan RI.
Dhatwalia, V. K. (2010). Anti-Diabetic Effect Of Ethanolic And Methanolic Leaves Extract Of Centella Asiatica On Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 1(2):1–6.
Husyanti, R. L. (2016). Efektivitas Taurin Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Jantan (Mus Musculus) Yang Diinduksi Aloksan (Skripsi). Universitas Lampung.
Jena Hayu Widyasti, F. K. F. (2019). Uji Aktivitas Antihiperglikemik Ekstrak Daun Petai Cina (Leucaena Leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit) Pada Mencit Induksi Aloksan. Pharm J Farm Indones, 16(1):1–14.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2017). Farmakope Herbal Indonesia (Edisi 2). Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Khairurrizki, A., Rafsanjani, A., & Hariadi, P. (2022). Efek Sinergisme Ekstrak Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) Dengan Obat Antidiabetik Oral Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa Pada Mencit. Sinteza, 2(1):19–28.
Manurung, S. (2012). Efek Antihiperglikemik Dari Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Terhadap Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus L.) Yang Diinduksi Sukrosa. Pharmacon: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi-UNSRAT.
Paputungan, A. N., Lolo, W. A., & Jayanto, I. (2019). Aktivitas Antibakteri Dan Analisis KLT-Bioautografi Dari Fraksi Daun Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.). Pharmacon, 8(3):525.
Permataningrum, N. I., Dewi, L. R., & Prihanti, A. M. (2020). Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Pustaka Kesehatan, 7(3):142.
Prihatini, N., Intan, P. R., & Lestari, T. W. (2019). Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ramuan Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees), Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.), dan Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) Pada Tikus Dengan Diet Tinggi Lemak Diinduksi Streptozotosin. Jurnal Biotek Medisiana Indonesiana, 8(1):51–58.
Purnamasari, M. V., Nurlina, N., & Sari Anwar, A. (2023). Formulasi dan Evaluasi Masker Hidrogel Ekstrak Etanol Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) Sebagai Antiaging Dengan Variasi Basis Carbopol dan HPMC. Jurnal Pharmacy and Health Research, 4(2):285–296.
Rahmaniati, M. A., Ulfah, M., & Mulangsari, D. A. K. (2018). Standarisasi Parameter Non Spesifik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) Di Dua Tempat Tumbuh. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Kimia, 3(1).
Szkudelski, T. (2008). The Mechanism of Alloxan and Streptozotocin In Action In B Cells of The Rat Pancreas. Journal of Physiology, 50:536–546.
Tulung, G. L., Bodhi, W., & Siampa, J. P. (2021). Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) Sebagai Antidiabetes Terhadap Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) Yang Diinduksi Aloksan. Pharmacon, 10(1):736.
Yasurin, P., Sriariyanun, M., & P., T. (2016). Review: The Bioavailability Activity of Centella Asiatica. KMUTNB International Journal of Applied Science and Technology.