PENGARUH KONSELING APOTEKER TERHADAP KEPATUHAN TERAPI PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DI BEBERAPA PUSKESMAS DAN RUMAH SAKIT
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global health issue that requires a comprehensive management approach. Pharmacist interventions have proven effective in enhancing patient adherence to medication and improving clinical outcomes. This study aims to systematically review pharmacist interventions for diabetes mellitus patients and their impact on medication adherence and glycemic control. The research method used was a narrative literature review, analyzing 188 articles from PubMed and 200 articles from Google Scholar, with 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, including 12 studies conducted in community health centers (puskesmas) and 8 studies in hospitals. The findings indicate that pharmacist counseling interventions significantly improve medication adherence and lower HbA1c levels. In community health centers, adherence increased from 9.2% to 61%, and HbA1c decreased from 8.5% to 7.2%. In hospitals, the average HbA1c reduction was between 1.5% and 2%. The multifaceted counseling approach was more effective compared to telephone counseling, which showed an HbA1c reduction of 0.3%. These findings highlight the critical role of pharmacists in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
References
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology. (2023). Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm. Retrieved from AACE.
Badi, S., Suliman, S. Z., Almahdi, R., Aldomah, M. A., Marzouq, M. E., Ibrahim, E. E. M., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, M. H., Elkheir, H. K., & Ibrahim, M. I. M. (2024). The impact of clinical pharmacist diabetes education on medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An interventional study from Khartoum, Sudan. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 14(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010074
Besemah, N. A., Sartika, R. A. D., & Sauriasari, R. (2021). Effect of pharmacist intervention on medication adherence and clinical outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in primary healthcare in Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Indonesia, 12(4), 303-311.
Erku, D. A., Ayele, A. A., Mekuria, A. B., Belachew, S. A., Hailemeskel, B., & Tegegn, H. G. (2017). The impact of pharmacist-led medication therapy management on medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled study. Pharmacy Practice, 15(3), 1026. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2017.03.1026
Fajriansyah, A., Iskandarsyah, A., Puspitasari, I. M., & Lestari, K. (2020). Pharmacist counseling on health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cluster randomized controlled study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 13, 41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00528-x
Fitriana, I., Utami, H. R., Anggriani, Y., & Yuliani. (2024). Pengaruh pelayanan home care apoteker pada pengetahuan, kepatuhan, kualitas hidup, dan outcome klinis pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kota Tangerang. Pharmacoscript, 7(1), 60-68.
Hening, W. N., Sartika, R. A. D., & Sauriasari, R. (2019). Effect of hospital pharmacist counseling on clinical outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients. Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice, 155, 2019.
International Diabetes Federation. (2019). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Retrieved from IDF.
Iqbal, M. Z., Alqahtani, S. S., Mubarak, N., Shahid, S., Mohammed, R., Mustafa, A., Khan, A. H., & Iqbal, M. S. (2024). The influence of pharmacist-led collaborative care on clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter randomized control trial. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, Article 1323102. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1323102
Kusuma, I. Y., & Prabandani, R. (2018). Pengaruh konseling farmasis dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien diabetes melitus menggunakan obat antidiabetes di Perum Ketapang Sokaraja Kulon. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Harapan Bangsa Purwokerto.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Retrieved from Kemenkes RI.
Laxmi, D., Dewi, S., Kumala, S., Prih Sarnianto, & Asn Ah Tarigan. (2021). Pengaruh edukasi farmasis terhadap hasil terapi dan kualitas hidup pasien prolanis diabetes melitus tipe 2. Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 6(1), Januari.
Najiha, M. R., Utaminingrum, W., & Wibowo, M. I. N. A. (2017). Peran HomePharmacyCare pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe II Prolanis terhadap tingkat kepatuhan dan keberhasilan terapi di BP Sentra Medika Lebaksiu Tegal. Jurnal Tropis Farmasi dan Kimia, 4(2), 60. https://doi.org/10.2087/tropis-chem.4.2.60
Nugraheni, A. Y., Sari, I. P., & Andayani, T. M. (2015). Pengaruh konseling apoteker dengan alat bantu pada pasien diabetes melitus. Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi, 8(2), 233-240.
Nurcahya, B. M., Andayani, T. M., & Rahmawati, F. (2015). Risk factors of drug related problems incidence in outpatients with chronic illness. Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi, 1(1), 109-123.
Octaviani, P. (2017). Pengaruh pemberian konseling farmasis dengan alat bantu terhadap kepatuhan pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 anggota prolanis di Puskesmas Purwokerto Utara. Skripsi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Harapan Bangsa Purwokerto.
Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia (PERKENI). (2021). Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Indonesia 2021. Retrieved from PERKENI.
Padmasari, S., Azizah, F. N., & Larasati, N. (2021). Edukasi Home Pharmacy Care terhadap Kepatuhan dan Kontrol Glukosa Darah pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 8(2), 182-189. DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.8.2.182-189.2021.
Rahmawaty, A., & Anggraeni, N. W. (2023). Pengaruh konseling apoteker terhadap tingkat kepatuhan minum obat dan kadar gula darah pasien diabetes melitus. Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia, 5(1), 24-31.
Rony, D. Y., Sarnianto, P., & Anggriani, Y. (2020). Pengaruh Asuhan Kefarmasian Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kabupaten Cirebon. Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 5(6), 118-125.
Sauriasari, R., & Sakti, R. M. (2018). Impact of a pharmacist-led patient education initiative on glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A single-center experience in West Jakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism, 10(Special Issue 1), 12-18. ISSN - 0975-7058.
Shareef, J., Fernandes, J., Samaga, L., & Bhat, M. L. (2016). Evaluating the Effect of Pharmacist’s Delivered Counseling on Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism, 7(3), 654. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000654
Tanjung, D. I. U., Razoki, & Br Karo, R. M. (2022). Pengaruh Konseling Obat Terhadap Kepatuhan Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Apotek Reza Farma. Gorontalo Journal Health & Science Community, 6(2), Juli. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/gojhes/index
Syifannisa, R., Muthoharoh, A., Ningrum, W. A., & Rahmatullah, S. (2022). Konseling apoteker meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan dan menurunkan kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe 2. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 15(2), 93-102.
Wibowo, M. I. N. A., Setiawan, D., Ikhwanati, N. D., & Sukma, F. A. (2020). Pengaruh Konseling dan Alat Bantu Pengingat Pengobatan terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat dan Outcome Klinik Pasien Diabetes Melitus dan Hipertensi. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 18(2), 169-176.
World Health Organization. (2019). Medication adherence: WHO Cares. Retrieved from WHO.
World Health Organization. (2023). World Diabetes Day 2023: Access to diabetes care. Retrieved from WHO.
