Jurnal Buana Farma

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KEPATUHAN DAN PENGETAHUAN PASIEN TERHADAP PENGOBATAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI PUSKESMAS MEKARMUKTI TAHUN 2025

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:37:46 +0000

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global and national public health problem, as well as an important indicator of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Indonesia continues to face a high burden of tuberculosis, ranking second after India with millions of cases each year. Treatment success rates have not yet reached the national target, while West Java, including Bekasi Regency, records the highest cases. At Mekarmukti Health Center, in 2016 there were 81 new smear-positive pulmonary TB cases and 16 old cases, with a total of 97 patients, highlighting the importance of sustainable control at primary health services. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and treatment adherence among TB patients at Mekarmukti Health Center. This quantitative research employed an observational method with a total sampling technique involving 95 respondents. The instrument used was a questionnaire, and data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. The results showed a relationship between age and knowledge (p=0.000), education and knowledge (p=0.041), as well as treatment category and knowledge (p=0.028). Age was also associated with adherence (p=0.002). However, knowledge was not significantly associated with adherence (p=0.337).

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI GEL EKSTRAK DAUN TAHI BELALANG PADA LUKA BAKAR KELINCI

Yulianus Erman Lende, Rahmat Hidayat, Tiara Ajeng Listyani — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:39:20 +0000

Burn wounds are a common health issue that requires effective management. This study explores the potential of tahi belalang leaf extract (Chromolaena odorata L.) as a healing agent for burn wounds, with bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids that possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-allergic properties. The main objective is to formulate and evaluate the gel preparation of tahi belalang leaf extract as an alternative topical treatment. The research method involves plant determination, preparation, standardization of simplicia, extraction, and phytochemical screening to identify active compounds. Subsequently, gel formulations were created with varying concentrations of extract (5%, 10%, 15%) and the physical quality of the preparations was evaluated (organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, irritation, and hedonic). The effectiveness of burn wound healing was tested in vivo on male rabbits, comparing the gel formula with a negative control (gel base) and a positive control (Bioplacenton®), with daily wound diameter measurements and statistical analysis using SPSS. The results showed that the gel containing 15% tahi belalang leaf extract (F3) was the most effective formulation in accelerating the healing of second-degree burn wounds in male rabbits. The presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins contributed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects that supported tissue regeneration. Based on the ANOVA significance value of 0.028, there was a statistically significant difference among the treatment groups of the formulations.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN PASIEN DENGAN KEPATUHAN ANTIHIPERTENSI DAN LUARAN KLINIS

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:40:05 +0000

Hypertension is a highly prevalent chronic disease in Indonesia. Patients’ knowledge is considered a key factor in improving adherence, but its association with blood pressure control remains inconsistent. To evaluate the relationship between patients’ knowledge, antihypertensive medication adherence, and blood pressure control among hypertensive patients at Cikarang Primary Health Center. This cross-sectional analytic study involved 51 hypertensive patients who had received therapy for at least three months. Instruments included the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) to assess knowledge, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) to measure adherence, and medical records to determine blood pressure control. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square and Pearson correlation tests. Most respondents demonstrated high knowledge (70.59%), yet nearly half showed low adherence (47.06%). Knowledge was significantly associated with adherence (p=0.039), while no significant relationship was found between knowledge and blood pressure control (p=0.733). Higher knowledge improves medication adherence but does not necessarily lead to optimal blood pressure control. Comprehensive strategies beyond knowledge enhancement are needed for effective hypertension management.

HUBUNGAN KEPATUHAN PENGOBATAN ANTIHIPERTENSI DENGAN RISIKO KARDIOVASKULAR PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI PUSKESMAS TELAGA MURNI

Destya Antarini; Marselina Marselina; Nuzul Gyanata Adiwisastra, Ninik Suparmi — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:40:42 +0000

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with its prevalence continuously increasing in the community. Adherence to antihypertensive therapy plays a crucial role in controlling blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular complications. However, evidence on the relationship between medication adherence and cardiovascular risk remains inconsistent, especially in primary healthcare settings. This study was conducted at Telaga Murni Primary Health Center – Cikarang, where hypertension is among the ten most common diseases. The study aimed to determine the relationship between adherence to antihypertensive therapy and cardiovascular risk among hypertensive patients. This research employed a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 85 hypertensive patients selected through purposive sampling. Adherence was assessed using the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) and Medication Possession Ratio (MPR), while cardiovascular risk was evaluated using the ASCVD Risk Estimator. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test, linearity test, and Odds Ratio calculation. The results showed that most patients were adherent (MARS-5 = 91.8%; MPR = 72.9%) and had low cardiovascular risk (52.9%). There was a significant relationship between adherence and cardiovascular risk for both MARS-5 (p=0.041) and MPR (p=0.049), although linear correlation was observed only in MARS-5 (p=0.012). Adherent patients had a higher likelihood of having a lower cardiovascular risk compared to non-adherent patients. In conclusion, adherence to antihypertensive therapy was associated with cardiovascular risk among hypertensive patients. Continuous education and regular monitoring are essential to maintain patient adherence and prevent increased cardiovascular risk.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK WORTEL (Daucus carota L.) DALAM FORMULASI LOTION TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENCERAHAN KULIT

Ely Nurul Fitri, Desy Nawangsari, Khamdiyah Indah Kurniasih — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:41:12 +0000

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a natural source rich in β-carotene, an antioxidant compound that may inhibit melanin formation through the tyrosinase inhibition mechanism. This study aimed to determine the effect of varying concentrations of carrot extract in lotion formulations on skin-brightening effectiveness. This experimental laboratory study used four lotion formulations: a negative control, Formula 1 (5%), Formula 2 (10%), Formula 3 (15%), and a positive control (Kojie San® commercial lotion). The formulations were evaluated for physical characteristics (organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion, and viscosity), safety through skin irritation testing, and skin-brightening effectiveness using a human skin tone set for 14 days on 25 female respondents. The results showed that all formulations met the physical property parameters, except for spreadability and adhesion, which were below the standard. No skin irritation was observed. Based on the skin-brightening test, 16% of respondents showed an improvement in skin brightness after 14 days of application, with Formula 3 (15%) exhibiting the highest effect, where 8% of respondents experienced a one-level increase on the skin tone scale compared to other formulations and the negative control. It can be concluded that the variation in carrot extract concentration affected the skin-brightening effectiveness, with the 15% formulation showing the highest result. These findings indicate that β-carotene in carrot extract has potential as a safe and effective natural active ingredient in cosmetic skin-lightening formulations.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT DAN LUARAN KLINIS PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS SETU 1 KABUPATEN BEKASI TAHUN 2025

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:41:49 +0000

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is a major health problem in Indonesia, especially in industrial areas such as Bekasi Regency. Patient knowledge of hypertension affects adherence to treatment and the success of therapy as measured by clinical outcomes in the form of blood pressure achievement. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge with medication adherence and clinical outcomes in hypertensive patients at the Setu 1 Community Health Center in Bekasi Regency. This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 91 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. The instruments used included the HK-LS questionnaire to assess knowledge, the MMAS-8 for adherence, and medical record data for clinical outcomes. The analysis results showed a significant relationship between the level of knowledge with medication adherence (p = 0.009) and clinical outcomes of blood pressure (p = 0.003). It can be concluded that the higher the patient's level of knowledge, the higher the adherence to treatment and the success of achieving target blood pressure.

HUBUNGAN EFIKASI DIRI DAN KEPATUHAN PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI RSUD KARAWANG

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:42:19 +0000

Medication adherence can affect patient health, one of the factors that can influence medication adherence in patients is self-efficacy. Self-efficacy has a positive relationship, so it is very important for hypertensive patients to maintain their treatment. Self-efficacy is very important for hypertensive patients during their treatment because it has a positive relationship. This study aims to determine how the influence of self-efficacy on medication adherence in hypertensive patients at Karawang Regional Hospital using a cross-sectional method based on a questionnaire (Medication Adherence Rating Scale). The questionnaire data (Medication Adherence Rating Scale) medication adherence and self-efficacy were analyzed using the chi-square test method which can determine the influence and relationship between medication adherence and self-efficacy. Based on the research that has been done, self-efficacy in hypertensive patients at Karawang Regional Hospital with a good self-efficacy level of 72.8%, with compliant compliance of 63.7% and non-compliant patients of 36.3%. There is no significant relationship between self-efficacy and adherence in hypertensive patients at Karawang Regional Hospital.

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN KEPATUHAN TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS DI PUSKESMAS CIKARANG

Nanda Damayanti, Masita Sari Dewi, Nuzul Gyanata Adiwisastra, Rosiana Rosiana — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:43:05 +0000

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, including Bekasi Regency, which has a high disease burden. A decline in quality of life is commonly experienced by TB patients due to clinical symptoms, social stigma, and adverse drug effects. Although patient knowledge and treatment adherence are widely believed to influence therapeutic outcomes, evidence regarding their impact on quality of life remains inconsistent and limited, particularly in the Cikarang region. This study aimed to examine the relationship between knowledge level and treatment adherence with the quality of life of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Puskesmas Cikarang Utara. A cross-sectional design was employed involving 93 outpatient pulmonary TB patients who met the inclusion criteria, including age 17–65 years, undergoing category I/II therapy, able to communicate, and willing to participate, as well as exclusion criteria of having significant comorbid conditions. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. The majority of respondents demonstrated good knowledge (86%), moderate to high treatment adherence (86%), and a high quality of life (55.9%). Chi-Square analysis indicated no significant association between knowledge level and quality of life (p = 0.468), nor between treatment adherence and quality of life (p = 0.962). These findings suggest that knowledge and adherence alone are insufficient determinants of quality of life among pulmonary TB patients. Therefore, improving patients’ quality of life requires comprehensive interventions. Beyond treatment adherence.

PERAN AMILITE GCK-12H SEBAGAI SURFAKTAN PADA FORMULA SHAMPO: KAJIAN STABILITAS BUSA DAN EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERSIHAN

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:43:43 +0000

Shampoo functions to clean hair and scalp and is generally formulated using Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) surfactants, which are associated with irritation and unstable foam. Surfactant selection is therefore a critical factor in shampoo formulation, as it influences foam production, softness, hair moisture retention, environmental friendliness, and cleansing effectiveness. Amino acid–based surfactants such as Amilite GCK-12H offer advantages including low irritation potential, good foam stability, and biocompatibility. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Amilite GCK-12H concentration on cleaning power and foam stability in shampoo formulations. The study was conducted by formulating shampoos and performing accelerated stability testing, including pH, viscosity, organoleptic properties, spreadability, homogeneity, foam stability, and cleaning effectiveness. Four formulations were prepared: F0 without Amilite GCK-12H, F1 containing 5%, F2 containing 10%, and F3 containing 15% Amilite GCK-12H. Organoleptic evaluation showed stable odor and homogeneity in all formulations, although color changes occurred in samples exposed to sunlight. pH testing indicated that all formulations remained within the acceptable range of 5.0–9.0, despite slight decreases under certain storage conditions. Viscosity increased at room temperature but decreased at elevated temperatures. Homogeneity and spreadability tests met standard requirements for shampoo preparations. Formulation F3 demonstrated the best performance in foam stability and cleaning effectiveness, achieving a cleaning efficiency of 62% on day 30. Overall, Amilite GCK-12H proved effective in producing a stable shampoo formulation with improved foam characteristics and cleansing performance. These findings support its potential application as a mild, high-performance surfactant for sustainable cosmetic shampoo development in future industrial formulations globally.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.)TERHADAP TIKUS JANTAN WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:44:26 +0000

Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin or when the body is unable to effectively utilize the insulin produced. Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) have been reported to possess potential antidiabetic properties. The novelty of this study lies in evaluating the antidiabetic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of papaya leaves in male Wistar rats. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of papaya leaves in alloxan-induced male Wistar rats. Papaya leaf simplicia powder was extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol as the solvent. The concentrated extract was subsequently fractionated using ethanol–water, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated using alloxan induction at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose levels were measured before alloxan induction to determine baseline values, two days after induction to confirm hyperglycemia, and every seven days for 14 days of treatment to assess changes in glucose levels. Phytochemical screening revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity, with a 64% reduction in blood glucose levels, slightly higher than the positive control, which showed a 63% reduction. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate fraction of papaya leaves at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight demonstrates promising antidiabetic potential, likely attributable to its bioactive compounds.

ARTICLE REVIEW : TINJAUAN DAMPAK PENERAPAN TELEFARMASI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PASIEN DI APOTEK

Sahrum Rambe, Suryani Suryani — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:45:03 +0000

The growing demand for efficient and accessible healthcare services especially in the context of geographical challenges and the post-pandemic environment has driven the development of innovations such as telepharmacy. Telepharmacy, as a subset of telemedicine, expands access to pharmaceutical services through communication technology and represents a significant breakthrough in healthcare delivery by supporting pharmacists in providing pharmaceutical care information. Although the adoption of telepharmacy in Indonesia is still progressing, this article aims to review its impact on improving the quality of healthcare services, particularly within the Indonesian context. Relevant literature on telepharmacy implementation in Indonesia was retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and other academic platforms, focusing on publications from 2015 to 2025. The purpose of evaluating these articles was to ensure that their content met established standards. Nine articles discussing the use of telepharmacy which has been increasingly adopted in healthcare settings, especially in community pharmacies were selected for this review. Findings from the literature indicate that telepharmacy can enhance healthcare quality by reducing costs, improving the efficiency of pharmaceutical services, and decreasing prescription errors. As an alternative approach to expanding service coverage and reaching rural areas, telepharmacy has also been widely adopted in pharmacies, enabling pharmacists to contribute more effectively to improving medication use.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KASAR DAN EKSTRAK TERPURIFIKASI DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera) DENGAN METODE DPPH

Krisna Kharisma Pertiwi, Asih Imulda, Rosa J Hesturini, Nindy Dwi Juliasari — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:45:44 +0000

Antioxidants play a crucial role in maintaining cellular integrity and preventing various biological damage processes that underlie the development of degenerative diseases. Moringa oleifera leaves are known to contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity; however, comparative data on the antioxidant potential of crude and purified extracts remain limited. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of crude and purified Moringa oleifera leaf extracts using the DPPH method. Extraction was performed by maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by purification through liquid–liquid extraction using an ethanol–n-hexane mixture (1:1). Phytochemical screening was conducted on both extracts, and antioxidant activity was evaluated at concentrations of 20–100 ppm in triplicate. IC₅₀ values were determined using linear regression and statistically analyzed. The yields of the crude and purified extracts were 20.77% and 13.50%, respectively. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in both extracts. The purified extract exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 68.040 ± 0.140 ppm) compared to the crude extract (IC₅₀ = 77.372 ± 0.312 ppm) (p < 0.05), although both were less potent than vitamin C as a positive control (IC₅₀ = 5.823 ± 0.128 ppm). These findings indicate that the purification process enhances the antioxidant potential of Moringa oleifera leaves by concentrating active components. This study provides scientific support for the potential use of purified Moringa leaf extract as an active ingredient in natural antioxidant supplements or cosmetic formulations.

TINJAUAN LITERATUR: AKTIVITAS FARMAKOLOGI DAN KANDUNGAN SENYAWA DARI KACANG KEDELAI (Glycine max L.)

Asman Sadino, Riza Apriani, Puspa Sari Dewi Solihah, Siti Rachmawati — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:46:23 +0000

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a functional food from the legume group that is rich in bioactive compounds and has the potential to prevent degenerative diseases. This review aims to assess the content of the main active compounds and pharmacological activities of soybeans based on current scientific evidence. The method used is narrative review through literature searches on Google Scholar and PubMed databases of full-text articles published in the period 2010-2025. Articles included were in vitro and in vivo experimental studies that addressed the compound content and pharmacological activity of soybeans, while review articles, proceedings, and irrelevant publications were excluded. From the selection process, 12 articles were obtained that met the criteria for analysis. The results showed that isoflavones are the dominant compounds in soybeans that play a role in various pharmacological activities that can be grouped into several main categories, namely antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, metabolic activities (antidiabetes, antiobesity, and antihyperuricemia), and cardiovascular activities (antihypertension and anticholesterol). In addition, soy also shows potential as a supportive agent in the prevention of cancer and osteoporosis. Based on these findings, soy has great potential to be developed as a functional food and therapeutic support material in the prevention of degenerative diseases.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN KEPATUHAN DENGAN KEBERHASILAN PENGOBATAN PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS DI PUSKESMAS TELAGA MURNI, CIKARANG

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:46:58 +0000

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in Indonesia, with treatment success rates that have not yet reached national targets, partly influenced by patient behavioral factors. Patient knowledge and medication adherence are considered important determinants of TB treatment outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between patients’ knowledge level and medication adherence with tuberculosis treatment success at Telaga Murni Community Health Center, West Cikarang District. This quantitative study employed a correlational analytical design using a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 80 adult pulmonary TB patients selected through total sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews using a knowledge questionnaire and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8), as well as medical record reviews to assess treatment success. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. The majority of respondents were female (58.7%), aged 17–25 years (35%), had senior high school education (50%), and were unemployed (51.2%). Most respondents received treatment observer (PMO) assistance (58.8%), were in the advanced treatment phase (58.7%), and were classified under treatment category I (97.5%). Good knowledge levels were identified in 90% of respondents, while low medication adherence was observed in 85%. Treatment success was achieved in 12.5% of respondents. Chi-square analysis showed no statistically significant relationship between knowledge level and treatment success (p = 0.827), nor between medication adherence and treatment success (p = 0.365). In conclusion, patient knowledge level and medication adherence were not significantly associated with tuberculosis treatment success, suggesting the need for broader multidisciplinary intervention strategies.

POTENSI FRAKSI DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocatum) MENGHAMBAT JAMUR PENYEBAB KEPUTIHAN

Dewi Fitriani Puspitasari, Yani Kresnawati, Rika Sebtiana K — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:47:34 +0000

Vaginal discharge is a condition suffered by many women, both adolescents and menopausal women. This is due to hormonal changes and imbalances in normal flora, as well as fungal infections such as Candida albicans. Several studies have tested the activity of red betel leaf fractions against Candida albicans using 70% and 80% ethanol solvents in the extraction process.

This study aims to test the activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of red betel leaf against Candida albicans extracted using 96% ethanol solvent.

The study began with extraction using 96% ethanol solvent, followed by phytochemical screening of the extract. Fractionation was carried out with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were then tested for their activity against Candida albicans.

The results showed that the n-hexane fraction exhibited greater inhibitory activity against Candida albicans than the ethyl acetate fraction (p<0.05), indicating that the n-hexane fraction is more potent in inhibiting Candida albicans.

ANALISIS EFEK SAMPING JANGKA PANJANG PENGGUNAAN ANTASIDA KALSIUM KARBONAT: NARRATIVE REVIEW

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:48:18 +0000

The widespread use of calcium carbonate antacids in self-medication is often considered safe, but excessive consumption and long-term use can cause serious side effects that affect various body systems. This study aims to analyze the long-term side effects of calcium carbonate based on the latest scientific evidence. The method used was a narrative review by selecting relevant articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar through inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in six main articles for analysis. The results showed that prolonged use of CaCO₃ can cause progressive hypercalcemia, which has the potential to develop into Milk-Alkali Syndrome, characterized by hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and impaired kidney function. Further complications reported include nephrolithiasis, acute pancreatitis, metabolic disorders, and progressive renal dysfunction. In addition, CaCO₃ is known to interfere with the absorption of various drugs through chelation and changes in gastric pH, thereby potentially reducing the effectiveness of therapy. In conclusion, long-term use of calcium carbonate antacids without adequate monitoring can pose significant health risks, making education and supervision of antacid use essential to prevent toxicity and harmful drug interactions.

PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN FASE GERAK PADA ANALISIS DEKSAMETASON MENGGUNAKAN HPLC : NARRATIVE REVIEW

Putik Titian Citra Hening, Ihsanti Dwi Rahayu, Muhammad Iqbal, Ramadhan Triyandi — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:49:06 +0000

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid widely used in the treatment of inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases; therefore, accurate analytical methods are required to ensure its quality and safety. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an analytical technique that is currently widely applied due to its high sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability for pharmaceutical analysis. In HPLC method development, the selection of the mobile phase can significantly influence separation quality, resolution, column efficiency, retention time, sensitivity, and analytical reproducibility. Consequently, appropriate mobile phase selection is a major concern in achieving accurate, precise, and efficient analytical methods. However, to date, no review article has comprehensively compiled and discussed the effect of mobile phase variations specifically on dexamethasone analysis using HPLC. This review article aims to evaluate the effect of variations in mobile phase composition in HPLC analytical methods on the quality of dexamethasone analysis. A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases, with inclusion criteria consisting of full-text articles published between 2015 and 2025 in Indonesian or English. Based on the selection and screening process, ten articles met the eligibility criteria and were included for further analysis. The results of this review indicate that mobile phase composition plays a crucial role in chromatographic separation performance and method validation parameters. Mobile phases containing a high proportion of organic solvents, particularly acetonitrile, tend to produce shorter retention times, improved peak symmetry, and sharper peak shapes. Meanwhile, the addition of buffer systems to the mobile phase improves pH stability, sensitivity, and linearity.

ANTIHIPERPIGMENTASI Hylocereus costaricensis MELALUI INHIBISI TIROSINASE: STUDI NETWORK PHARMACOLOGY DAN MOLECULAR DOCKING

Bayu Febram Prasetyo, Daffa Rizal Dzulfaqaar Alauddin, Rini Madyastuti Purwono — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:49:37 +0000

Hyperpigmentation was driven by increased melanogenesis and oxidative stress, creating a need for effective and safe depigmenting candidates. This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds from Hylocereus costaricensis, to map hyperpigmentation-related targets and pathways using network pharmacology, and to evaluate the binding potential of selected compounds to a melanogenesis target using molecular docking. The workflow included compound screening and drug-likeness/ADMET evaluation, prediction of compound targets and hyperpigmentation-associated genes, construction of compound–target–disease and protein–protein interaction networks, topological and GO/KEGG enrichment analyses, and docking to TYRP1 (PDB: 5M8O). Five main candidates, namely 2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpropanoic acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, and vanillic acid, have met the initial criteria. Network pharmacology highlighted a multi-target mechanism by prioritizing key nodes including AKT1, EGFR, PIK3CA, TYR, and CDK4 and by indicating enriched signaling pathways relevant to pigmentation regulation and oxidative-stress responses. Docking results showed moderate affinities, with binding energies of approximately −6.551 to −6.184 kcal/mol and estimated inhibition constants of 15.779 to 29.315 µM, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpropanoic acid yielded the best score among the tested ligands. Overall, the integrated network pharmacology–docking strategy provided a rational prioritization of compounds and targets for developing anti-hyperpigmentation agents derived from H. costaricensis; however, the evidence remained preliminary and required further experimental validation and mechanistic confirmation.

OPTIMASI FORMULA DAN EVALUASI MASSA CETAK TABLET HISAP BERBAHAN YOGURT DENGAN METODE SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN

Ayu Pujianti, Desy Nawangsari, Dina Febrina — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:50:14 +0000

Yocanserah® yogurt contains peanuts, ginger, and lemongrass, which have potential anti-diabetic properties. Yocanserah has a limited shelf life and sour taste, so it needs to be developed into a more acceptable lozenge formulation with a longer shelf life. The purpose of this study is to optimize the formulation of yogurt-based lozenge tablets using the simplex lattice design method. The materials or factors used in the optimization were Avicel PH 102, isomalt, and SSG, with the response being flow rate and compressibility. The data were analyzed using Design Expert software with the simplex lattice design method. The yogurt-based lozenge tablet mass was made using the wet granulation method with gelatin solution as a binder. The results showed that the tablet mass with variations in Avicel PH 102, isomalt, and SSG made using the wet granulation method produced flow rate and compressibility in accordance with the specifications. The use of variations in these three ingredients had a significant effect on the flow rate and compressibility of the tablet mass with a p-value < 0.05. The optimal formula for yogurt-based lozenge molding mass was obtained with a proportion of 49% Avicel PH 102, 1% isomalt, and 5% SSG, which produced a flow rate of 5.58 g/s and compressibility of 6.69% with a resulting desirability value of 0.311.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIHIPERURISEMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH SUKUN (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN GALUR SWISS WEBSTER

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:50:56 +0000

Hyperuricemia is defined as an elevated serum uric acid level beyond the normal physiological range, which may result from increased purine metabolism or impaired renal excretion of uric acid. Long-term pharmacological management of hyperuricemia can lead to adverse effects, highlighting the need for alternative treatments derived from natural sources. One such alternative is the skin of Artocarpus altilis, which is rich in flavonoids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antihyperuricemic activity of ethanol extract from Artocarpus altilis fruit skin in male mice induced with potassium oxonate and chicken liver extract. Serum uric acid levels were quantified using the Point of Care Testing (POCT) method with an Easy Touch® digital device. The doses administered were 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW, with 13 mg/BW of Allopurinol as a positive control. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA followed by post-hoc LSD tests. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of breadfruit skin exhibited significant antihyperuricemic activity at all tested doses. A dose of 100 mg/kgBW resulted in a 40.72% reduction in serum uric acid levels, with an efficacy of 68.33%. The observed effect is likely attributed to the flavonoid content, which inhibits xanthine oxidase, thereby making the 100 mg/kgBW dose the most effective in reducing uric acid levels.

UJI POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) DAN DAUN SESEWANUA (Cleodendron squamatum vahl.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:51:31 +0000

Cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) and sesewanua leaves (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl) can be used as an alternative antibacterial treatment. Antibacterial testing of single compositions has been widely carried out but not yet on a combination of these two plants. The study aims to determine the antibacterial potential of a combination of ethanol extracts of cherry leaves and sesewanua leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. Cherry leaves and sesewanua leaves were extracted using the maceration method, 96% ethanol solvent. The test solution was made at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The combination was made by mixing each concentration with a ratio of 1:1. Testing using the disc diffusion method, positive control Ciprofloxacin, negative control Sodium CMC 1%, observed 1x24 hours. The inhibition zone was measured using a caliper. The average results of the inhibition zone diameter of the ethanol extract of cherry leaves were 8.74±0.25 mm, 9.27±0.15 mm, 10.21±0.30 mm, the ethanol extract of sesewanua leaves was 6.96±0.83 mm, 7.46±0.56 mm, 7.17±0.13 mm. The combination of ethanol extract of cherry leaves and sesewanua leaves was 7.51±0.49 mm, 8.30±0.61 mm, 9.70±0.20 mm, Ciprofloxacin was 26.52±3.44 mm. The best results were at a concentration of 15% but not optimal. In conclusion, single extract of cherry leaves, single extract of sesewanua leaves, combination of ethanol extract of cherry leaves and sesewanua leaves (1:1) at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% have moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibitory power is greater in the single extract of cherry leaves compared to the combination of extracts.

KUALITAS MIKROBIOLOGIS ES BATU BALOK BERDASARKAN CEMARAN BAKTERI Coliform DAN Salmonella sp DI WILAYAH KARANGPAWITAN, KARAWANG

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 10:52:18 +0000

The cold temperature of ice cubes leads people to assume that ice cubes are safe for consumption without having to consider their type and quality. In reality, the cold temperature only weakens the bacteria in the ice cubes. Ice cube samples in this study were taken from the Karangpawitan area, because this area is one of the areas with many ice cube distributors, is busy, and is one of the culinary destinations for Karawang residents. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of block ice cubes based on contamination by Coliform and Salmonella This research method includes qualitative research with an experimental approach, using the MPN test for Coliform and SSA media and gram staining for Salmonella Results from the Pondok Bogor and Kepuh locations showed positive block ice cube samples for Coliform bacteria. The Nagasari location for block ice cubes and plastic packaging tested positive for Coliform bacteria and negative for Salmonella The conclusion of this study is that the block ice cubes in the Karangpawitan area have quite high bacterial contamination. Positive results indicate that they do not meet the quality requirements based on Permenkes No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010, which is >0/100 mL