SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: KANDUNGAN SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DAN AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK ALANG-ALANG TERHADAP SEL KANKER
Abstract
Imperata cylindrica (Imperata cylindrica) is a traditional medicinal plant long used in various countries and is known to contain various bioactive compounds with anticancer potential. Research on the cytotoxic activity of Imperata cylindrica continues to develop, but results are still varied, requiring a systematic review to summarize the available scientific evidence. This study aims to review the bioactive compound content and cytotoxic activity of Imperata cylindrica extract against various cancer cells. A systematic literature review method was conducted by searching articles from international and national databases using relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the total 410 articles found, 10 articles were selected to meet the requirements for analysis. The results of the study showed that cogongrass extract with various solvents (ethanol, methanol, water, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and chloroform) has cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines, such as breast (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), colon (HT-29), lung (A549), liver (HepG2), prostate (PC-3), and leukemia (HL-60). The identified cytotoxic mechanisms include induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of migration, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. The dominant compounds that play a role include flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. In conclusion, cogongrass extract has great potential as a candidate for natural anticancer agents, although further research in the form of in vivo tests and clinical trials is still very necessary to ensure its effectiveness and safety.
References
Amalia, Muthiya, & Ardi Mustakim. (2025). Inovasi Terbaru Dalam Terapi Gen, Terapi Berbasis Sel, Dan Pengembangan Obat Anti Kanker Dari Bahan Alam. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan Dan Biologi 2(1):79–87.
An, Hyo-Jin, Agung Nugroho, Byong-Min Song & Hee-Juhn Park. (2015). Isoeugenin, a Novel Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Isolated from the Rhizomes of Imperata Cylindrica. Molecules. 20.
Bernitsa, Stavroula, Rotem Dayan, Anastasis Stephanou, Iva D. Tzvetanova & S. Patrikios. (2023). Natural Biomolecules and Derivatives as Anticancer Immunomodulatory Agents. Frontiers in Immunology 13.
Dewi, Tribuana Tungga, Anisa Bela, Satria Prabawa, Madyawati Latief & Indra Lasmana Tarigan. (2024). Analisis LC-MS/MS Senyawa Metabolite Ekstrak Daun Putat (Planchonia Valida) Dan Prediksi Potensinya Sebagai Kandidat Obat Antikanker. Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina. 9(2):262–80.
Febriyanti, Hani Putri, Rhaina Al Yasin, Rossa Shafira Nur Sabrina & Novita Dwi Istanti. (2023). Analisis Sediaan Farmasi Di Indonesia Dalam Menunjang Sistem Kesehatan Nasional: A Systematic Review. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Dan Kedokteran 1(2):30–48.
Fitrawan, La Ode Muhammad & Nur Fadilah. (2025). Manajemen High Alert Medicationuntuk Mencegah Medication Errordi Rumah Sakit: Systematic Literature Review. Lansau: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian 3(1):59–75.
Gaffar, Shabarni, Riza Apriani & Tati Herlina. (2018). Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi Etil Asetat Dan n-Heksana Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D. ALLCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 14(2):303–13.
Ihya, Syahidul, Rijal Firdaos & Machdum Bachtiar. (2024). Systematic Literature Review: Penerapan Sistem Pemberian Reward Dan Punishment Kepala Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru. Islamic Management: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam.
Indriyanti, Raden Anita, Eko Fuji Ariyanto, Hermin Aminah Usman, Ristaniah Rose Effendy & Diah Dhianawaty. (2022). Quantification of Total Polyphenols and Flavonoids, Antioxidant Activity, and Sinensetin and Imperatorin Contents of Imperata Cylindrica Root Ethanol Extract. Pharmacognosy Journal. 14(4).
Indriyanti, Raden Anita, Eko Fuji Ariyanto, Hermin Aminah Usman, Ristaniah Rose Effendy & Diah Dhianawaty. (2024). Synergistic Effect of Imperata Cylindrica Root Extract and Erlotinib on A549 Lung Cancer Cell Viability. Pharmacognosy Journal. 16(3).
Jongrungraungchok, Suchada, Fameera Madaka, Thaniya Wunnakup, Teeratad Sudsai, Chanamon Pongphaew, Thanapat Songsak & Nalinee Pradubyat. (2023). In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Antivities of Mixture Thai Medicinal Plants. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 23(43).
Jung, Young-Kyung & Dongyun Shin. (2021). Imperata Cylindrica: A Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrial Applications. Molecules 26(1454).
Keshava, Rohini, Nagesh Muniyappa & Rajalakshmi Gope. (2020). Bioactivity Guided Fractionation and Elucidation of Anti-Cancer Properties of Imperata Cylindrica Leaf Extracts. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 21(3).
Keshava, Rohini, Nagesh Muniyappa, Rajalakshmi Gope & Ananthanarayana Saligrama Ramaswamaiah. (2016). Anti-Cancer Effects of Imperata Cylindrica Leaf Extract on Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line SCC-9 in Vitro. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 17.
Kitprapiumpon, Nirawan & Faongchat Jarintana. (2019). In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity Study of Aqueous Crude Extracts of An Anticancer Thai Traditional Preparation Against COLO 205 Cells. Proceedings of RSU Research Conference.
Konan, Anne Marie Léticia, Koffi Julien Golly, Adou Koffi Mathieu Kra, Amissa Augustin Adima & Essis Esmel Claude Lohoues. (2022). Phytochemical Screening and Toxicity Assessment of Imperata Cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. (Poaceae) Raw Extracts with Brine Shrimp (Artemia Salina) Lethality Assay. Journal of Biosciences and Medicine 10:153–71.
Konan, Anne Marie Leticia, Esmel Essis Lohoues, Félix Adjé, Koffi Julien Golly, Adou Koffi Matthieu Kra, Kessé Phyllipe N’da & Amissa Augustin Adima. (2023). Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities of Imperata Cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. (Poaceae) Extracts in Relation to Extraction Methods and Plant Organ. Biomedical Sciences 9(4):97–103.
Kwok, Amy Ho Yan, Yan Wang & Wing Shing Ho. (2016). Cytotoxic and Pro-Oxidative Effects of Imperata Cylindrica Aerial Part Ethyl Acetate Extract in Colorectal Cancer in Vitro. Phytomedicine 13(17).
Latifah, Noor, Fini Fajrini, Nur Romdhona, Dadang Herdiansyah, Ernyasih & Suherman. 2024. “Systematic Literature Review: Stunting Pada Balita Di Indonesia Dan Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya. Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan 20(1).
Nayim, Paul, Armelle T. Mbaveng, Mukherjee Sanjukta, Jain Rikesh, Victor Kuete & Krishna Sudhir. (2021). CD24 Gene Inhibition and TIMP-4 Gene Upregulation by Imperata Cylindrica’s Root Extract Prevents Metastasis of CaSki Cells Via Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/Snail Signaling Pathway and Blocking EMT. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 275.
Nguyen, Sinh Truong, Huyen Thi-Lam Nguyen & Kiet Dinh Truong. (2020). Comparative Cytotoxic Effects of Methanol, Ethanol, and DMSO on Human Cancer Cell Lines. Biomedical Research and Therapy 7(7):3855–59.
Noviardi, Harry, Sitaresmi Yuningtyas, & Dwi Suwarni. (2019). Sitotoksisitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Petai Cina Dan Kulit Jengkol Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara Dan Serviks. Biopropal Industri 10(2):109–17.
Pfeffer, Claire M., & Amareshwar T. K. Singh. (2018). Apoptosis: A Target for Anticancer Therapy. Internasional Journal Of Molecular Sciences 19(2).
Ravi, Sudha, P. K. Kaleena, M. Babu, A. Janaki, K. Velu, and D. Elumalai. (2018). Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Potential Of Imperata Cylindrica (L.) Raeusch Against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7). International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 8(3).
Roeslan, Moehamad Orliando, and Gabriella Tasha. (2021). Ethanol Extract of Imperata Cylindrica Leaves Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of HSC-3 Cell Lines. Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 54(3):150–54.
Rokis, Aina Qistina Ahmad, Muhammad Faezuddin Hanaf, Che Muhammad Khairul Hisyam Ismail, Muhammad Haris Salahuddin, Widya Lestari, Solachuddin Jauhari Arief Ichwan, and Azlini Isma. (2025). Medicinal Plants in the Southeast Asia for Treatment and Prevention of Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 13(4):1003–37.
Saleh, Chairul, Marem Sestiani & Erwin. (2023). Aktivitas Ekstrak Metanol Daun Alang-Alang (Imperata Cylindrica(L.) P. Beauv) Sebagai Antinflamasi. JurnalSains Dan Kesehatan 5(3).
Saraswati, Maulita, Nuraini Harmastuti, and Wiwin Herdwiani. (2020). Aktivitas Sitotoksik Dan Ekspresi Protein P53 Bcl-2 Ekstrak Dan Fraksi Daun Kersen (Muntingia Calabura L.) Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 17(2):292–303.
Shrestha, Sabina, Yeon Woo Song, Hyeonji Kim, Dong Sun Lee & Somi Kim Cho. (2016). Sageone, A Diterpene from Rosmarinus Officinalis, Synergizes With Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in SNU-1 Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Phytomedicine 23(13).
Somaida, Ahmed, Imran Tariq, Ghazala Ambreen, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelsalam, Abdallah Mohamed Ayoub, Matthias Wojcik, Jean Paul Dzoyem & Udo Bakowsky. (2020). Potent Cytotoxicity of Four Cameroonian Plant Extracts on Di Erent Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals 13(357).
Wang, Yan, James Zheng Shen, Yuk Wah Chan & Wing Shing Ho. (2018). Identification and Growth Inhibitory Activity of the Chemical Constituents from Imperata Cylindrica Aerial Part Ethyl Acetate Extract.” Molecules 23(7).