Pharma Xplore : Jurnal Sains dan Ilmu Farmasi
Pharma Xplore adalah jurnal ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Buana Perjuangan (UBP) Karawang yang menjadi wadah bagi peneliti untuk melakukan publikasi dan diseminasi hasil penelitian. Jurnal ini merupakan sarana publikasi karya tulis hasil riset dan pengembangannya di bidang Ilmu Farmasi. Jurnal Pharma Xplore terbit 2 (dua) kali dalam satu tahun yaitu pada bulan Mei dan November. ISSN Print: 2527-5801 || ISSN Online: 2580-9601
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang
UJI AKTIVITAS HIPNOTIK-SEDATIF EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN PATIKAN KEBO (Euphorbia hirta Linn) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN GALUR SWISS WEBSTER
Sleep disorders such as insomnia are common health issues that significantly impact quality of life. Pharmacological therapies using hypnotic-sedative drugs often cause side effects, highlighting the need for alternative treatments derived from natural sources. One plant with potential hypnotic-sedative properties is patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.). This study aimed to evaluate the hypnotic-sedative activity of 70% ethanol extract of patikan kebo leaves in male Swiss Webster mice. The extract was obtained through maceration using 70% ethanol and subsequently analyzed for phytochemical content and standardization. The hypnotic-sedative activity was tested in vivo using the rotarod test and by observing the onset and duration of sleep following phenobarbital induction. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, quinones, and steroids/triterpenoids. A dose of 400 mg/kgBW demonstrated the most significant hypnotic-sedative activity, indicated by the highest number of falls (11.75 times), the fastest sleep onset (17.25 minutes), and the longest sleep duration (270 minutes) compared to the control group. In conclusion, the 70% ethanol extract of patikan kebo leaves shows promising potential as a natural hypnotic-sedative agent, with 400 mg/kgBW being the most effective dose.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asman Sadino, Sekar Ratih Pramesti, Suwendar Suwendar, Riza Apriani
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA PADA PASIEN SEPSIS YANG DIBERIKAN TERAPI ANTIBIOTIK SEFTRIAKSON ATAU MEROPENEM DI INTENSIVE CARE UNIT RSUD BERKAH PANDEGLANG PERIODE 2022-2023
Sepsis is a systemic infection commonly occurring in hospitals, which can lead to serious complications and even death if not treated promptly and effectively. Antibiotic therapy plays a crucial role in the success of sepsis treatment. However, inappropriate use of antibiotics can hinder treatment outcomes and directly impact hospitalization costs. This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of ceftriaxone and meropenem antibiotic treatments in sepsis patients at Berkah Pandeglang Hospital. The research utilized a retrospective data collection method, using secondary data from 2022-2023. Data were obtained from the medical records of sepsis patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The sample consisted of 20 patients, with 11 receiving ceftriaxone and 9 receiving meropenem. The Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) for the ceftriaxone group was Rp. 124,470, while for the meropenem group it was Rp. 119,058. These results indicate that meropenem is more cost-effective than ceftriaxone in this study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yusransyah Yusransyah, Cita Khalawatilah, Asti Yunia Rindarwati, Sofi Nurmay Stiani, Baha Udin
OPTIMASI DAN FORMULASI SABUN PADAT TRANSPARAN APIGENIN DENGAN VARIASI BASIS VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO)
Apigenin is a flavonoid compound found in plants such as chamomile and parsley. The compound is known to have various pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. This potential makes it an attractive candidate for the development of topical products, one of which is transparent solid soap. Transparent solid soap offers an attractive aesthetic and can be formulated with various active ingredients. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) was chosen as a soap base because of its emollient, antibacterial properties, and its ability to produce hard and foamy soap. However, the formulation of transparent solid soap with the addition of apigenin and VCO base requires optimization to produce a stable, transparent product that has the expected activity. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the formulation of transparent solid soap containing apigenin with variations in VCO base to obtain the best formula with optimal physicochemical characteristics and activity and meets the requirements of SNI number 06-3532-2016. The method in this study uses an experimental method with variations in VCO soap base. This study used four Formulas (F) consisting of negative control formula, FI with 7.5% VCO concentration, FII with 10% VCO concentration, FIII with 12.5% ​​VCO concentration. Formulas FI, FII and FIII contain apigenin with a concentration of 0.2%. The physical evaluation of transparent solid soaps carried out consisted of organoleptic, pH, foam height, foam stability, water content, alkali free, hedonic test, and irritation test. The results of the study showed that the apigenin compound can be formulated in the form of transparent solid soap preparations. The physical evaluation carried out showed that all formulas of apigenin transparent solid soap preparations with VCO variations had met the requirements of SNI number 06-3532-2016.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sofi Nurmay Stiani, Anisya Yulianti, Eva Kholifah, Yusransyah Yusransyah , Baha Udin
PENGARUH PROSES FERMENTASI AEROB DAN ANAEROB TERHADAP KADAR FLAVONOID DAN STEROID PADA DAUN SUKUN HIJAU (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) YANG DIFERMENTASI
This study investigates the impact of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation processes on flavonoid and steroid levels in green breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) fermented leaves. The research evaluated flavonoid and steroid content after fermentation periods of 5 days and 10 days under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Results showed that after 5 days of fermentation, the flavonoid content was 0.729 under aerobic conditions and 0.825 under anaerobic conditions. Additionally, after 10 days of fermentation, the flavonoid content decreased to 0.605 under aerobic conditions and 0.664 under anaerobic conditions. Regarding steroid content, after 5 days of fermentation, aerobic conditions yielded 11.425 while anaerobic conditions produced 10.549. After 10 days, aerobic fermentation resulted in 10.861, whereas anaerobic fermentation resulted in 10.125. These findings suggest that both the duration and the type of fermentation process significantly influence the levels of flavonoids and steroids in fermented breadfruit leaves.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hesti Riasari, Wiwin Winingsih, Sri Gustini Husein, Nela Simanjuntak
PERBANDINGAN PROFIL KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TEMPUH WIYANG (Emilia sonchifolia L.) DAN DAUN SITUDUH LANGIT (Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.)
Indonesia has many medicinal plants whose secondary metabolite profiles are unknown using thin layer chromatography (TLC). TLC is a simple analytical method to confirm chemical compounds contained in plants other than phytochemical screening. The Rf value and stain color obtained on TLC can provide the identity of the compounds contained. Tempuh wiyang leaves (Emilia sonchifolia L.) and Situduh langit leaves (Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.) are medicinal plants that have been widely used for treatment, such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and antibacterials. However, there has been no research that reveals the TLC profile of the two plants, so the purpose of this study was to see a comparison of specific parameters, non-specific parameters, and TLC profiles of the two medicinal plants. The stages of the research carried out were determining specific and non-specific parameters as well as the TLC profile of the two extracts based on the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (FHI). The results of the study showed that the specific and non-specific parameters of the Tempuh wiyang leaves and the Situduh langit leaves met the criteria based on FHI. From the results of the TLC profile determination, the extract of Tempuh wiyang leaves contains alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and steroids. Meanwhile, the extract of Situduh langit leaves contains secondary metabolites of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and saponins. Tempuh wiyang and Situduh langit leaves have secondary metabolites that can be used for various pharmacological activities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irma Erika Herawati, Wempi Eka Rusmana, Syumillah Saepudin
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus) DALAM SEDIAAN GUMMY
Red dragon fruit has many benefits for the body, one of the useful ingredients in red dragon fruit is the content of antioxidants. Antioxidants are needed by the body in delaying, slowing down and preventing the risks caused by free radicals. This makes red dragon fruit an ingredient in nutraceutical preparations such as gummy candy. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit in gummy candy preparations. Antioxidant testing was carried out using the DPPH method using a Uv-Visible spectrophotometer. The test results proved that the IC50 value of the F1 formulation was 8.961, F2 was 29.6, and F3 was 46.23. So it can be concluded that the antioxidant activity of the formulations F1, F2, and F3 is very strong with the F1 formulation being the best formulation with a lower IC50 value because the smaller the IC50 value, the better it is in capturing free radicals
Copyright (c) 2025 Eko Sri Wahyuningsih, Shella Imka Puji Destria, Lia Fikayuniar, Putri Agustina, Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS GRABAG 1 KABUPATEN MAGELANG
Hypertension is one of the main causes of death and morbidity in Indonesia. Hypertension has increased from year to year. The use of antihypertensive drugs appropriately is expected to improve therapeutic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the appropriateness of antihypertensive use at the Grabag 1 Health Center, Magelang Regency. The research design was a non-experimental study descriptively and retrospective sampling. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling and a sample of 100 patients was obtained. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. Based on the study, the use of antihypertensive drugs in the calcium channel blocker (CCB) group was 91%, a combination of CCB and thiazide diuretics was 5%, a combination of CCB and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) was 3% and a combination of CCB and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) was 1%. The appropriateness of the use of antihypertensive drugs included the right indication of 100%, the right patient of 100%, the right drug of 100% and the right dose of 69%. The accuracy of drug use at Grabag 1 Health Center was correct with an average value of 92.25%.
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa Rose Lita, Sikni Retno Karminingtyas
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI DAUN KENIKIR (Cosmos caudatus K) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 DALAM PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus)
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus, which often infects wounds and slows down the healing process. Kenikir leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, and essential oils that have antibacterial potential. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity and wound healing effect of extracts and fractions of Kenikir leaves based on differences in polarity. This research is a laboratory experiment. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol for 5x24 hours, then fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The antibacterial test was conducted using the disc diffusion method, while wound healing was observed by measuring wound length on days 1, 3, and 7. The positive control used Mupirocin ointment, and the negative control used DMSO. Data were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene homogeneity test, and One Way ANOVA test with post hoc LSD and Kruskal-Wallis with post hoc Mann Whitney, followed by Pearson correlation test. The results showed that the extract and ethyl acetate fraction had antibacterial activity and accelerated wound healing significantly. The correlation test showed a very strong relationship, where the higher the antibacterial activity, the faster the wound healing process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Rizki Kurniawan, Kharisma Jayak Pratama, Rizka Wahyu Syahputra
UJI KARAKTERISTIK FISIK NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER RESVERATROL DENGAN VARIASI SURFAKTAN PEG-7 GLYCERYL COCOATE DAN TWEEN 20
Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol compound that has been known to have antioxidant activity. However, the weakness of RSV, which has low solubility and is sensitive to light, is a limitation to be developed as a topical product. Therefore, modification of the delivery system, such as Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLCs), is needed to overcome this. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate (GC) and Tween 20 surfactants on the physical characteristics of the RSV NLC system. In this study, the RSV NLC system was made using the High Shear Homogenization (HSH) Method with PEG-7 GC and Tween 20 surfactants in three formulas, F1 (3:9), F2 (3:12), and (3:15), and then the physical characteristics of the RSV NLC system were tested, including organoleptic, emulsion type, pH, viscosity, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP). The results of the physical characteristics test obtained showed that all formulas met the skin pH range. The highest viscosity sequence is (853.33 ± 20.81 nm) > F2 (793.33 ± 20.81 nm) > F1 (713.33 ± 61.10 nm). The largest particle size is F3 (308.55 ± 11.66) > F2 (270.1 ± 18.95) > F1 (216.05 ± 8.98), PDI F3 (0.26 ± 0.00) > F2 (0.25 ± 0.03) > F1 (0.22 ± 0.04). From these results it is known that the surfactant ratio affects the physical characteristics of NLC RSV.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dita Nurlita Rakhma, Mariana Nur Hamidah, Yuyun Nailufa, Yuli Ainun Najih
COST EFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS TERAPI ANTIDIABETES ORAL KOMBINASI PASIEN GEN Z RAWAT JALAN DI RS DEWI SRI
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among younger age groups, including Generation Z (born 1997–2012), has increased significantly. Combination therapy using oral antidiabetic drugs is a preferred approach to optimally control blood glucose levels. However, the clinical effectiveness and cost burden of various drug combinations need to be analyzed, especially considering the country's limited healthcare budget. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of different oral antidiabetic combination therapies used by outpatient Generation Z patients at Dewi Sri Karawang Hospital. This research is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained from the medical records of Generation Z patients (aged 12–27 years) undergoing oral antidiabetic combination therapy at Dewi Sri Karawang Hospital. The cost analysis was conducted from the hospital's perspective by calculating direct medical costs. Effectiveness was measured based on the reduction in random blood glucose levels. The Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) were used to compare the effectiveness of the therapies. The combination of Glibenclamide 5 mg + Metformin 500 mg was found to be more cost-effective, with a result of IDR 4,614/mg/dL for outpatient Generation Z patients at Dewi Sri Karawang Hospital, compared to the Acarbose 50 mg + Metformin 500 mg combination, which had an ACER value of IDR 8,744/mg/dL. Based on the ICER calculation, switching from Acarbose 50 mg + Metformin 500 mg to Glimepiride 2 mg + Metformin 500 mg, in the event of a stock-out, would require an additional cost of IDR 61,288/mg/dL. These findings may serve as a consideration for making efficient and affordable therapy decisions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dedy Frianto, Ayu Wandira, Lina Aliyani Mardiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN, KADAR FENOLIK DAN FLAVONOID DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TEMPUH WIYANG (Emilia sonchifolia)
Antioxidants play important role in the body's defense because of their ability to prevent the adverse effects caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can cause oxidative damage to cells and tissues. To prevent this damage, antioxidants are needed, especially those sourced from natural ingredients. Natural antioxidant compounds are found in many traditional medicinal plants, one of which is tempuh wiyang (Emilia sonchifolia). This plant is is known contained secondary metabolites, such as phenolics and flavonoids, which have high antioxidant activity. This study aims to evaluate antioxidant activity and measure total phenolic and flavonoid levels of tempuh wiyang leaf extract. Antioxidant activity was tested using the free radical scavenging method with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), using vitamin C as a comparator. Determination of phenolic and flavonoid levels was carried out using the colorimetric method, using gallic acid and quercetin as standards. The results showed that tempuh wiyang leaf extract had strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 39.4 ppm. This high activity is supported by the total phenolic content of 52.40 ± 0.012 mg GAE/g and the total flavonoid content of 52.30 ± 0.011 mg QE/g. Based on the research results obtained, the tempuh wiyang leaves have great potential to be developed as a source of natural antioxidants.
Copyright (c) 2025 Deby Tristiyanti, Irma Erika Herawati, Lisna Dewi, Ita Inayah, Syumillah Saepudin
PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK TOTAL DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA SEDUHAN SIMPLISIA UMBI BIT MERAH (Beta vulgaris. L) DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETER UV-VIS
Red beetroot is one of the plants consumed by the community in the form of juice as an antidote to free radicals, and to treat other diseases such as degenerative diseases. Red beetroot is known to contain flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. This study aims to determine the total phenolic content of antioxidant activity in red beetroot herbal infusion. The results showed that the total phenolic content of red beetroot herbal infusion was 14.18±0.15 mg GAE/gram. Red beetroot herbal infusion contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. Characterization of beetroot herbal infusion in the water content test, total ash content, water-soluble extract content, ethanol-soluble extract content, and drying loss were obtained respectively at 9.18±0.04 %; 8.30± 0.21 %; 7.40±0.65 %; 7.06±0.61 %; dan 9.00±0.03 %. Red beetroot herbal infusion has a red color, an “earthy taste” aroma, and a sweet taste. The antioxidant activity of red beetroot herbal infusion with IC50 value of 694.17 ppm. Red beetroot herbal infusion contains phenolic compounds and has antioxidant activity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Patricia Siloam Wikanti, Ellsya Angeline Rawar, Novena Adi Yuhara
EVALUASI AKTIVITAS ANTI OBESITAS EKSTRAK BETA-GLUKAN DARI JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus) TERHADAP MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN
One of the health problems among adolescents with increasing prevalence is obesity. Conventional therapies such as orlistat, sibutramine, and lorcaserin often cause side effects that make the stomach uncomfortable so that a more safe alternative is needed. White oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) contain beta-glucan which is a water-soluble dietary fiber. Beta-glucan can lower LDL cholesterol levels and support digestive function so that it has the potential as an anti-obesity agent. This study aims to evaluate the anti-obesity activity of beta-glucan in male white mice from white oyster mushrooms. Beta-glucan extraction in white oyster mushrooms was carried out using the hot water extraction method. Identification of the beta-glucan powder produced using the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) instrument. The beta-glucan extract obtained was then dissolved in hot water to produce a water-soluble powder used in testing on test animals. A total of 30 male white mice were divided into six treatment groups: normal feed control, 0.5% CMC-Na, orlistat (15.6 mg/kg), and beta-glucan extract with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. The results of powder identification with FTIR showed that the powder contained functional groups according to the structure of beta-glucan. The results of the anti-obesity activity test in male white mice showed that a dose of 400 mg/kgBW (formula 3) was able to significantly reduce body weight and produce effectiveness approaching orlistat.
Copyright (c) 2025 Renald Umbu Deta Dapawando, Gavrilia Patricia Bombo, Ellsya Angeline Rawar, Yosua Adi Kristariyanto, Ari Widhiarso
UJI AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI BIJI ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill.) PADA KANKER PARU SEL A549 DENGAN METODE PRESTRO BLUE
Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in Indonesia, with a higher prevalence in men, primarily due to smoking. Cancer treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are often not entirely effective, carry the risk of side effects, and are expensive. Therefore, there is a need for safer and more effective alternatives. One promising natural material is avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.), which contain bioactive compounds such as phenolic triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. Previous research has shown that avocado seed extracts exhibit cytotoxic activity against several types of cancer cells, including colorectal and breast cancer. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract, water fraction, n - hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of avocado seeds against A549 lung cancer cells and to determine their IC50 values. The cytotoxicity test was conducted using the PrestoBlue method at concentrations of 7.81, 5.63, 31.25, 62.50, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm. The results indicate that the ethanol extract, water fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of avocado seeds exhibit weak cytotoxic activity (IC50 values of 571.20 µg/mL, 490.40 µg/mL, and 275.70 µg/mL, respectively). However, the n-hexane fraction demonstrates strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 86.60 µg/mL). This study highlights the potential of the n-hexane fraction as a more effective anticancer agent.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hesti Renggana, Dani Sujana, Deden Winda Suwandi, Doni Asnhar Nuari, Dilfa Alifah Dallis, Dewa Al Hasyemi, Siti Hindun, Risa Susanti, Isye Martiani
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI FRAKSI N-HEKSAN DAN FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN PEPAYA JEPANG (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR
Inflammation is a biological response to tissue-damaging agents that trigger the release of inflammatory mediators. Long-term use of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs often causes side effects, thus prompting the search for natural alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. aconitifolius (Chaya) leaf fractions n-hexane and ethyl acetate and determine the most effective dose. The paw edema method was used, with inflammation induced by 1% lambda carrageenan injected subplantarly into the hind paws of male Wistar rats. The test fractions were administered at three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW), and paw volume was measured hourly for 6 hours and once at 24 hours using a plethysmometer. The results showed that all test fractions exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. The ethyl acetate fraction at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW demonstrated the highest effect with an inhibition percentage of 48.94%. The anti-inflammatory effect is suspected to be due to the presence of flavonoid compounds, which inhibit inflammatory mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandins. This study suggests that pepeya jepang leaves have the potential to be developed as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asman Sadino, Siva Hamdani, Maila Bintan Kamila, Riza Apriani
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans SECARA IN VITRO
Infections remain a major public health challenge in Indonesia, including infections of the oral cavity caused by microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans. Red ginger is known to contain flavonoids, phenols, essential oils, and tannins that have the potential to inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to test the antimicrobial activity of red ginger ethanol extract against Streptococcus mutans using the agar diffusion method. The results showed that at concentrations of 10 and 20%, there was a slight increase in the zone of inhibition. However, starting from 40% concentration, the increase in concentration resulted in a larger zone of inhibition. At 60% concentration, the results were close to the positive control, and at the highest concentration of 80%, the inhibition zone reached 28.04 mm with an inhibition rate of 62.24%. Overall, the inhibitory activity showed a positive relationship as the concentration of red ginger extract increased.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yogi Rahman Nugraha, Dani Sujana, Risma Anugrah Dewi
KESESUAIAN RESEP BERDASARKAN ASPEK ADMINISITRATIF DAN FARMASETIK PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI PUSKESMAS WANARAJA GARUT
Completeness of administration and pharmacology in prescriptions can minimise or reduce the occurrence of medication errors. This study aims to look at the description of the suitability of administrative and pharmaceutical aspects in prescriptions by looking at the percentage of completeness of administrative and pharmaceutical aspects in prescriptions at the Wanaraja Garut Health Centre. This research is quantitative descriptive. The sampling method is random sampling which is calculated using the Slovin formula. The sample used was 308 prescription sheets in January 2021. Based on the results of the description of the completeness of prescriptions at the Wanaraja Garut Health Centre, of the 308 prescription sheets studied administratively, it was found that 60.90% were complete and 39.10% were incomplete, and studied pharmaceutically, it was found that 93.33% of the prescriptions were appropriate and 6.67% of the prescriptions were not appropriate. It can be concluded that the prescription sheet at the Wanaraja Garut Health Centre almost entirely meets the aspects of the completeness of the prescription in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, but it is still found that 11 out of 16 aspects of the completeness of the prescription do not contain information, namely the patient's age 2.27%, gender 30.51%, patient weight 98.51%, patient address 8.76%, doctor's name 47.7%, doctor's initials 64.28%, prescription date 3.57%, doctor's room or unit of origin 43.83%, doctor's SIP No. 0%, dosage form 11.3%, drug dosage 28.88%. This shows that the completeness of prescriptions at the Wanaraja Garut Health Centre is still incomplete, in writing prescriptions that trigger medication errors. It needs to be improved so that it meets the standards in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nurul Nurul, Dani Sujana, Sri Rahayu
INDENTIFIKASI PERMASALAHAN TERKAIT PENGOBATAN PADA PASIEN DISLIPIDEMIA KOMORBID DIABETES MELITUS DENGAN TERAPI STATIN DI SALAH SATU RUMAH SAKIT KOTA BANDUNG TAHUN 2023
ABSTRACT Dyslipidemia and type II diabetes mellitus (DM) can occur simultaneously and can mutually worsen the patient's condition. The complexity of treatment in patients with such comorbidities potentially increases the risk of treatment-related problems. This study aims to determine the demographics of patients with type II DM comorbid dyslipidemia in one of the hospitals in Bandung City in 2023 and describe the incidence of treatment problems. This descriptive study reviewed 92 patient medical records that met the research criteria. The classification method for identifying problems related to treatment refers to Basger et al. 2015. The results showed that patients with type II DM comorbid dyslipidemia on statin therapy were dominated by women (55.43%) and elderly (59.78%). The most frequent incidence of treatment-related problems was in the subcategory of inappropriate drug combinations. There were 78 cases resulting in increased therapeutic effect and the most common was related to the prescription of lansoprazole with atorvastatin; 55 cases of interactions resulting in reduced therapeutic effect, of which the most common was related to the prescription of clopidogrel with atorvastatin. There were 4 cases that resulted in hypersensitivity reactions involving allopurinol and antihypertensive drugs. It can be concluded that clinical pharmacists intervene in reviewing patient care by considering the risks and benefits of such a combination for the patient.
Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Nurhaliza Nadya Rahayu, Nela Simanjuntak
STUDI SURVEI KEPUASAN PASIEN: PERAN PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DI PUSKESMAS AIR DINGIN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS LAYANAN KESEHATAN
Puskesmas (Community Health Center) is one of the primary health facilities that is the front line in providing health services to the community. One of the important pillars in improving the quality of health services in the Community Health Center is pharmaceutical services. The intended pharmaceutical services include the provision of drugs, information on drug use, and counseling to patients. Patient satisfaction is an important indicator used in evaluating the quality of health services. This study aims to determine the level of satisfaction felt by patients with pharmaceutical services and evaluate pharmaceutical services at the Air Dingin Community Health Center as a form of improving the quality of health services. This study used a quantitative survey conducted cross-sectionally in September 2024 at the Air Dingin Community Health Center in Padang City with 45 respondents. This study obtained results, namely the level of patient satisfaction in the reliability aspect of 82.78% (very satisfied), the responsive element of 91.81% (very satisfied), the assurance aspect of 98.44% (very satisfied), the empathy aspect of 91.68% (very satisfied), and the tangible aspect of 85.85% (very satisfied). Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, it was concluded that patient satisfaction in all aspects, namely 90.11%, is included in the very satisfied category.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cindy Elvionita, Elsa Marsellinda
INOVASI SEDIAAN SABUN PADAT TRANSPARAN DENGAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH RIMBANG (Solanum torvum Swartz) SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK
Di pasaran banyak beredar sabun antiseptik mengandung antibakteri sintetis, namun sering menimbulkan efek samping, maka perlu dibuat sabun mengandung antiseptik alami contohnya buah rimbang yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder dan mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat formulasi sabun padat transparan sebagai antiseptik dari ekstrak etanol buah rimbang. Formulasi sabun padat transparan tanpa bahan uji (Blanko) dan ekstrak etanol buah rimbang konsentrasi 1,5%, 2% dan 2,5% dilakukan uji evaluasi mutu pada sediaan. Kemudian dilakukan uji efektivitas pada ekstrak etanol buah rimbang dan sediaan sabun padat transparan. Hasil uji skrining fitokimia pada simplisia dan ekstrak etanol buah rimbang memenuhi syarat mutu fisik pada senyawa metabolit sekunder. Hasil aktivitas antibakteri konsentrasi 2,5% diameter hambatan terhadap Staphylococcus aureus 19,47 ± 0,85 menunjukkan diameter hambatan sangat kuat. Angka lempeng total terhadap spesimen cuci tangan sukarelawan, EEBR 1,5% telah terjadi pengurangan koloni bakteri sebesar 73,32%, EEBR 2,5% diperoleh pengurangan bakteri paling besar yaitu 98,51%, hampir sama dengan sabun padat yang beredar di pasaran yaitu 98,75%. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan sabun padat transparan ekstrak etanol buah rimbang sebagai antiseptik memenuhi syarat dalam pembuatan sabun mandi.
Copyright (c) 2024 Syafitri Aulia, Safriana, Andilala, Siti Aisyah Tanjung
KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIRETROVIRAL PASIEN HIV DI PUSKESMAS KOTA SEMARANG
HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS. ARV administration aims to reduce the number of viruses so that it will improve the immune status of HIV patients and reduce deaths due to opportunistic infections. This study aims to determine the characteristics of HIV patients who use antiretrovirals based on age, gender, and occupation as well as CD4 values ​​and to determine the description of antiretroviral use in HIV patients at the Semarang City Health Center in 2023. This research is a non-experimental study using retrospective data collection techniques. The research objects used were medical record data and laboratory values ​​(CD4) of HIV patients. Based on the research results, it is known that the majority of HIV patients are male with a percentage of 85%, while women make up 15%. Patients aged 26-35 years mostly suffer from HIV with a rate of 39%. Most patient jobs are in the private sector with a percentage of 92%. The CD4 value of most HIV patients is below 350 cells/mm³ with a rate of 37%, which shows that the HIV patient's immunodeficiency is in the moderate-severe category. Most antiretroviral therapy is given using KDT (Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Efaviren) with a percentage of 70%.
Copyright (c) 2024 FX Sulistiyanto, A. Barry Anggoro
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT PADA PASIEN DISPEPSIA DI RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA DI PURWOKERTO
Dyspepsia is a gastrointestinal disorder that affects the stomach. In the event that the pharmaceutical agents employed for the treatment of dyspepsia are not selected in a rational manner, there is a potential for therapeutic failure, the emergence of more serious health complications, the manifestation of adverse drug reactions, and the unnecessary utilization of pharmaceuticals. The objective of this study was to assess the rationality of drug use for dyspepsia patients at a hospital in Purwokerto, specifically focusing on the appropriateness of the selected drug, dosage, and indication. This research is descriptive and employs a retrospective approach. A total sampling technique was employed, yielding a total sample of 71 medical records from the period between January and February 2024. The data collection was conducted in April 2024. The instruments utilized in this study were observation sheets and medical records. The results of this study indicate that the use of drugs for dyspepsia patients at a private hospital in Purwokerto is, in fact, rational. Specifically, the drugs used were deemed to be the appropriate medication 98.6% of the time, the dosage was deemed to be appropriate 100% of the time, and the indication for use was deemed to be appropriate 100% of the time. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of drugs in dyspepsia patients in private hospitals in Purwokerto is, in fact, rational.
Copyright (c) 2024 I Putu Primanda Dodi Ardhana, Khamdiyah Indah Kurniasih, Fauziah
FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN FOOTSPRAY ANTI BAU KAKI EKSTRAK TEH HITAM (Camellia sinensis) DAN DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.)
Increased release of apocrine infected by bacteria during the decay process will result in foot odor or bromhidrosis. Foot odor is caused by skin microbes. Some of the bacteria that cause foot odor are Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Black tea and guava leaves are natural ingredients that contain antibacterial compounds, namely flavonoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids. The purpose of this study was to formulate footspray preparations from extracts of black tea and guava leaves and to determine the antibacterial activity of each formulation. This study uses an experimental method. Extracts of black tea and guava leaves are produced from the maceration extraction process, then the resulting extract is formulated into footspray with various concentrations. Footspray preparations were tested for evaluation of physical preparations and tested for antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus by the paper disc method. The results showed that black tea and guava leaf extracts could be formulated as active substances in footspray preparations which had antibacterial activity which was indicated by the presence of clear zones in formulas 1, 2 and 3. However, in the control formula there was no antibacterial activity which was indicated by the absence of clear zone.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rifani Shalsadila, Rifani Shalsadila, Mega Nuryanti, Nurbaiti Fentiani Siahaan, Elsa Nurkamal, Dicky Farhan, Purwaeni
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KADAR TOTAL FENOL DARI EKSTRAK JAMU BERAS KENCUR DENGAN PENAMBAHAN RIMPANG KUNYIT
Jamu is a traditional medicine from Indonesia. Jamu beras kencur is one of the most popular jamu in Indonesia. Jamu beras kencur are often added with other ingredients to increase the efficacy. Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) was a traditional medicinal plant that has high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Phenolic compound is the largest secondary metabolite in turmeric. The aimsf this research were to determine antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of extract jamu beras kencur wich was added of various concentrations of turmeric and the differences boiling time in processing jamu preparations. The processing of jamu beras kencur with the addition of turmeric with boiling time (15 minutes and 30 minutes). Variation of concentration of tumeric were 5%, 10% and 20%. The concentration of turmeric used addition 5%, 10% and 20. Each preparation was extracted using ethyl acetat. Aantioxidant activity of each extract was performed by DPPH method wich demonstrated as IC50 DPPH. Determination of total phenolic was performed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and expressed in g GAE/100 g extract. The highest antioxidant activity (IC50 of 485 μg/mL) and the highest total phenolic (41.336 g GAE /100 g extract) was given by jamu beras kencur wich 20% turmeric and 15 min boiling time. Addition of turmeric and differences of boiling time in processing jamu preparations can affect antioxidant activity and total phenolic content.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sani Nurlaela Fitriansyah, Hesti Riasari, Novi Melati, Nela Simanjuntak
ANALISIS POTENSIAL Alpinia galanga MENGGUNAKAN JEJARING FARMAKOLOGI MELALUI ANALISIS PENGAYAAN GENE ONTOLOGY DAN KEGG (KYTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENE AND GENOMES) SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES
Alpinia galanga L., is a family of Zingiberaceae that has been used traditionally in various medicinal practices due to its therapeutic properties. With this, this research aims to identify the potential content of Alpinia galanga metabolite compounds as one of the potential alternative therapies in cases of diabetes mellitus and several other disorders. In this study, in silico methods were used, namely pharmacological networks and also Gene Ontology and KEEG pathway enrichment analysis which revealed 28 metabolite compounds that have links to plants and diseases to be studied and also revealed the enrichment of key molecular functions such as catalytic activity, protein kinase activity, and small molecule binding, indicating their regulatory and catalytic properties. In addition, KEGG (Kyto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis highlighted its involvement in signaling pathways associated with glucose homeostasis, cancer, and hormone response. Examination of cellular component terms revealed the subcellular localization and potential interactions of A. galanga compounds in cellular compartments such as the cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and cell periphery. The results showed that out of 28 metabolite compounds, 1 metabolite compounds in A. galanga, namely 1'S-1'- acetosxychavicol, have the potential for treatment in diabetes mellitus cases and show the diverse pharmacological properties of A. galanga, which has implications for its potential in the development of new therapies targeting various diseases and disorders.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dwi Hanif Muluqul Fath, Muhammad Artabah Muchlisin, Ahmad Shobrun Jamil
UJI MUTU SIMPLISIA DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% RIMPANG JAHE (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has long been commonly consumed as a spice and traditional medicine. The aim of the research was to test the quality of simplicia and ginger rhizome extract. The testing procedure consists of preliminary quality testing, testing specific and non-specific parameters. Fresh ginger rhizomes are processed to become simplicia powder. The simplicia was extracted using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, then concentrated until a thick extract was obtained. Simplicia and extracts are subjected to quality testing. The results showed that the level of foreign organic matter of simplicia was 1.34%, the fine degree of simplicia was 4/18 through mesh sieve number 4 100% and number 18 was 96%. Identity of the research sample Zingiber officinale Roscoe. The levels of compounds in simplicia that are soluble in water and ethanol are 16.86 ± 0.45% and 6.81 ± 0.23%. The levels of compounds in the extract that were soluble in water and ethanol were 13.55 ± 0.21% and 13.72 ± 0.16%. Drying loss of simplicia is 0.80 ± 0.52% and extract is 9.53 ± 0.25%. The water content for simplicia is 9.03 ± 0.64% and extract is 12.33 ± 1.53%. The specific gravity of the simplicia is 0.7849 ± 0.06 g/mL and the extract is 0.85 ± 0.09 g/mL. The total ash content of simplicia was 4.09 ± 0.97% and the extract was 3.63 ± 0.44%. The water-soluble ash content in simplicia is 2.17 ± 0.31% and the extract is 2.6 ± 0.26%. The insoluble ash content of simplicia acid was 1.11 ± 0.32% and the extract was 0.5 ± 0.46%. Testing the quality of simplicia and ginger rhizome extract met the requirements, namely all specific parameters as well as non-specific parameters (drying loss, total ash and acid insoluble ash).
Copyright (c) 2024 Mega Efrilia, Pra Panca Bayu Chandra, Santi Endrawati
PEMANFAATAN SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER KAWISTA (Limonia acidissima) UNTUK PENGELOLAAN DIABETES: TINJAUAN ANALISIS JEJARING FARMAKOLOGI
This study aims to explore the potential of secondary metabolite compounds from the kawista plant (Limonia acidissima) as antidiabetic agents through an in silico approach. We utilized pharmacological network analysis and analysis of the most important proteins to identify potential protein targets and signaling pathways involved in diabetes regulation. The analysis revealed that secondary metabolite compounds from kawista have the potential to affect various crucial aspects of glucose and lipid metabolism in the body, including through interactions with key proteins such as AKT1. These findings provide new insights into the development of additional therapies for diabetes treatment, and demonstrate the potential of in silico methods in accelerating the discovery and development of new drugs.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dina Siti Rahma M. Hentu, M. Artabah Muchlisin, Ahmad Shobrun Jamil, Engrid Juni Astuti, Agustin Rafikayanti
PENGARUH EDUKASI NUTRISI KEPADA IBU OBESITAS DENGAN ANAK STUNTING TERHADAP PENURUNAN BEBAN GANDA MALNUTRISI DI KECAMATAN SERANG BARU-KABUPATEN BEKASI
The double burden of malnutrition (obese mothers with stunted children) has become an important focus in the field of public health both in Indonesia and the world. Serang Baru District, Bekasi Regency, is one of the areas in Indonesia that has a significant prevalence of stunting and obesity. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of nutritional education interventions for obese mothers of stunted children on changes in the status of the double burden of malnutrition in the household. The research began with collecting sociodemographic, anthropometric and food intake data for the past 2x24 hours. Respondents who met the inclusion criteria were then given a face-to-face nutrition education intervention every week for 3 months. In the third month, all respondents had their data collected again in the form of anthropometric data and food intake data. The results of the study showed that after the nutritional education intervention was carried out there was a change in the child's HAZ score from -2.87 ± 0.56 to -2.61 ± 0.62, while the mother's BMI was originally 32.52 ± 2.48 to 31.72 ± 2.16 which was significantly different when compared to before the intervention (P<0.05). It can be concluded that nutrition education interventions can reduce the double burden of malnutrition in Serang Baru District, Bekasi Regency.
Copyright (c) 2024 Amanda Arifianti Essen, Afifah Bambang Sutjiatmo, Faizal Hermanto
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI KRIM EKSTRAK DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI ASAM STEARAT DAN TRIETANOLAMIN
The fragrant pandan leaf (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) contains flavonoid compounds that can function as a sunscreen. Sunscreen preparations are generally in the form of creams. In cream formulations, emulsifiers play a crucial role in imparting physical properties to the cream. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of the combination of stearic acid and triethanolamine on the physical properties and stability of the cream and to identify the optimal emulsifier concentration. Cream formulations were prepared in three formulations with a combination of stearic acid and triethanolamine (TEA), namely F I (17%: 3.5%), F II (18%: 3%), and F III (19%: 2.5%). The cream formulations underwent physical evaluations such as organoleptic testing, homogeneity testing, viscosity testing, adhesion testing, pH testing, skin irritation testing, spreading power testing, and stability testing. The data obtained were analyzed using One Way ANOVA (analysis of variance) with a confidence level of 95%. The research data results showed that the addition of stearic acid and trietanolamin affected the viscosity, pH value, spreading power, and adhesion of the cream but did not affect the organoleptic properties, stability, homogeneity, and skin irritation. Based on the physical properties and statistical tests, the concentration of stearic acid and trietanolamin emulsifier (17%: 3.5%) was found to be the best.
Copyright (c) 2023 Laela Nurfitri, Nur Cholis Endriyatno
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FACE MIST EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ANDONG MERAH (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Chev.) TERHADAP Propionibacterium acnes
This research is motivated by the problem of skin infection in the form of acne, one of the causes of which is the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. Red andong leaves contain several secondary metabolites that have the potential as antibacterials such as flavonoids, tannin, saponins,and polyphenolic. The purpose of this study was to make a face mist preparation formula from red andong leaf extract which has the potential as an antibacterial for Propionibacterium acnes. The extraction method used was maceration with 70% ethanol solvent. Testing the inhibition of antibacterial activity was carried out using the well-diffusion method. Determination of the concentration of the extract needed for face mist preparation is taken from the results of the MIC test. Face mist preparations were made with 3 concentrations, namely formulas F3.12, F6.25, and F9.37. The face mist base was used as a negative control and the face mist base added with clindamycin powder was used as a positive control. Testing the face mist of red andong leaves extract included organoleptic, homogeneity, specific gravity, pH, spray spreadability, dry time, and hedonic tests. The results showed that the face mist of the ethanol extract of red andong leaves extract met the requirements for a good face mist preparation and had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria in all formulas. Face mist Formulation 3.12% has an inhibition of 8.19 ± 0.22 mm, Formulation 6.25% has an inhibition of 10.59 ± 0.13 mm, and Formulation 9.37% has an inhibition of 11.75 ± 0.17 mm. From this study, it can be concluded that face mist containing 9.37% (F9.37) of red andong leaf extract was the most effective formulation against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with the highest inhibition zone diameter of 11.75 ± 0.17 mm.
Copyright (c) 2023 Eko Sri, Melisa Puspitasari, Neni Sri M.Si, Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri