UJI AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI BIJI ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill.) PADA KANKER PARU SEL A549 DENGAN METODE PRESTRO BLUE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36805/jpx.v10i1.10095Keywords:
Anticancer, Avocado seed, IC50, A549 Cells, PrestoBlueAbstract
Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in Indonesia, with a higher prevalence in men, primarily due to smoking. Cancer treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are often not entirely effective, carry the risk of side effects, and are expensive. Therefore, there is a need for safer and more effective alternatives. One promising natural material is avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.), which contain bioactive compounds such as phenolic triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. Previous research has shown that avocado seed extracts exhibit cytotoxic activity against several types of cancer cells, including colorectal and breast cancer. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract, water fraction, n - hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of avocado seeds against A549 lung cancer cells and to determine their IC50 values. The cytotoxicity test was conducted using the PrestoBlue method at concentrations of 7.81, 5.63, 31.25, 62.50, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm. The results indicate that the ethanol extract, water fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of avocado seeds exhibit weak cytotoxic activity (IC50 values of 571.20 µg/mL, 490.40 µg/mL, and 275.70 µg/mL, respectively). However, the n-hexane fraction demonstrates strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 86.60 µg/mL). This study highlights the potential of the n-hexane fraction as a more effective anticancer agent.
References
Alkhalaf, M.I., Alansari, W.S., Ibrahim, E.A., and Elhalwagy, M.E.A. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of avocado (Persea americana) fruit and seed extract. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2019, 31(4), 1358-1362.
Bahalwan, I. 2018. Aktivitas antikanker ekstrak madu lokal melalui penghambatan sel kanker paru-paru A549 secara in vitro (Skripsi). UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 1-71.
Buana, I., dan Harahap, D.A. Asbestos, radon dan polusi udara sebagai faktor resiko kanker paru pada perempuan bukan perokok. Averrous: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Malikussaleh, 2022, 8(1), 1-8.
Ferlay, J., Ervik, M., Lam, F., Colombet, M., Mery, L., Piñeros, M., et al. Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview. International Journal of Cancer, 2021, 149(4), 778-789.
Frimayanti, N., Djohari, M., dan Khusnah, A.N. Molekular docking senyawa analog kalkon sebagai inhibitor untuk sel kanker paru-paru A549. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 2021, 19(2), 87-94.
Hidayah, H., Fatmawati, F., Khairunnisa, J., dan Putri, M.H. Aktivitas triterpenoid sebagai senyawa antikanker. Journal of Social Science Research, 2023, 3(2), 10168-10183.
Jumaryatno, P., Hafizh, M., dan Fathin, A. Studi aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak dan fraksi daun Patindis (Urophyllum arboreum (Reinw. ex Blume) Korth.) terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dengan metode PrestoBlue assay. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2022, 2963, 130-142.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2021. Materia Medika Indonesia. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kefarmasian dan Alat Kesehatan.
Mewar, D. Standarisasi parameter spesifik dan non spesifik ekstrak etanol daun Gatal (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd) sebagai bahan baku obat herbal terstandar. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes, 2023, 14(2), 266-270.
Nurdiani, E., Masriani, Rasmawan, R., Muharini, R., Sartika, RP. Sitotoksisitas dan selektivitas fraksi kayu batang simpur air (Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli) terhadap sel kanker payudara. Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi, 2024,17(1), 190-200.
Oratmangun, S. A., Fatimawali, dan Bodhi, W.U. Uji toksisitas ekstrak tanaman patah tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) terhadap Artemia salina dengan metode brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) sebagai studi pendahuluan potensi anti kanker. Pharmacon, 2014, 3, 316-324.
Pratama, F.E., dan Nuwarda, R.F. Review: Senyawa aktif antikanker dari bahan alam dan aktivitasnya. Farmaka, 2018, 16(2), 149-158.
Rahmawati, J., dan Maryati, M. Aktivitas sitotoksik dan antiproliferasi fraksi n-heksan biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) terhadap sel T47D. Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 2021, 18(1), 38-46.
Rusmawati, L., Sjahid, L.R., dan Fatmawati, S. Pengaruh cara pengeringan simplisia terhadap kadar fenolik dan aktivitas tabir surya ekstrak etanol 70% daun cincau hijau (Cyclea barbata Miers.). Media Farmasi Indonesia, 2021, 16(1), 1643-1651.
Sirait, P.S., Setyaningsih, I., dan Tarman, K. Anticancer activity of Spirulina cultivated in Walne and organic media. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 2019, 22(1), 50-58.
Subarnas, A., Rahayu, R., Rahmat, D., Supriatna, N., dan Yusnawan, E. Antiproliferative activity of primates-consumed plants against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. Journal of Medical Research, 2012, 1(4), 38-43.
Sujana, D., dan Nurul, N. Jurnal review aktivitas antidiabetes dan kandungan senyawa kimia dari berbagai bagian tanaman alpukat (Persea americana). Jurnal Medika Cendekia, 2019, 6(1), 76-81.
Sujana, D., Suwandi, D.W., Rusdiana, T., dan Subarnas, A. Acute toxicity test of ethanol extract of pakis tangkur (Polypodium feei MEET) root from Talaga Bodas mountain on swiss webster mice. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari, 2020, 1(2), 167-179.
Syahputra, G. Resazurin si indikator aktivitas sel. Biotrends, 2016, 6(2), 26-28.
Wihadmadyatami, H. 2023. Uji sitotoksisitas secara in vitro. Universitas Gadjah Mada: Yogyakarta.
Zafrial, R.M., dan Amalia, R. Artikel tinjauan: Antikanker dari tanaman herbal. Farmaka, 2018, 16(1), 15-23.
